characterizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Attribute
range: Engineering item

contributes to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Attribute
range: Nature of concerns

has definition
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Keyword
range: Definition

has reference
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Attribute
domain: Definition
range: Source

has theme
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Attribute
range: Nature of concerns

includes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Attribute
range: Attribute

has acronym
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Keyword
range: langString
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

has DOI
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Source
range: string
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

has file
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Source
range: string
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

has Hal ID
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Source
range: string
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

has Hal version
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Source
range: string
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

has PDF
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Source
range: string
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

has publication type
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Source
range: string
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

has text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Definition
range: langString
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

has URL date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Source
range: string
type: NamedIndividual
type: DataProperty

Attribute
type: Class
subclass of: Keyword

Definition
type: Class

Engineering item
type: Class

Keyword
type: Class

Nature of concerns
type: Class

Source
type: Class

A Posteriori-provability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword

A Priori-provability Or By-design Provability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword

Abductive inference
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAbductiveInference01
label: Inférence abductive @fr

Ability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO24028

Acceptance Criteria
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAcceptanceCriteria01
has definition: DefAcceptanceCriteria02
label: Critère d'acceptation @fr

Acceptance test
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAcceptanceTest01
label: Test d'Acceptation @fr

Accessibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Interactions

Accountability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAccountability01
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO15288
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO24368
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology
label: Imputabilité @fr

Accuracy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAccuracy01
has definition: DefAccuracy02
has definition: DefAccuracy03
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO24028
has theme: Ethics
label: Exactitude @fr

Adaptability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO25059
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology
includes: Agility
includes: Evolvability
includes: Flexibility
includes: Scalability

Adaptive learning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdaptiveLearning01
label: Apprentissage adaptatif @fr

Adaptive neural network
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdaptiveNeuralNetwork01
label: Réseau neuronal adaptatif @fr

Adversarial Attack
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialAttack01
label: Attaque adverse @fr

Adversarial - Black-box attack (Zero knowledge attack)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialBlackBoxAttack01
label: Attaque adverse en boîte noire @fr

Adversarial - Evasion attack
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialEvasionAttack01
label: Attaque adverse par évasion @fr

Adversarial example
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialExample01
label: Exemple adverse @fr

Adversarial - Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialFastGradientSignMethod01
label: Attaque adverse par FGSM @fr

Adversarial - Gray-box attack (Limited knowledge attack)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialGrayBoxAttack01
label: Attaque adverse en boîte grise @fr

Adversarial - Jacobian-based Saliency Map Attack (JSMA)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
label: Attaque adverse par JSMA @fr

Adversarial - Non-targeted attack (Untargeted attack)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialNonTargetedAttack01
label: Attaque adverse non ciblée @fr

Adversarial - One Pixel Attack
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialOnePixelAttack01
label: Attaque adverse à un pixel @fr

Adversarial perturbation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialPerturbation01
label: Perturbation adverse @fr

Adversarial - Poisoning attack
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialPoisoningAttack01
label: Attaque adverse par empoisonnement @fr

Adversarial - Real-world attacks
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialRealWorldAttacks01
label: Attaque adverse monde réel @fr

Adversarial - Targeted misclassification attack
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
label: Attaque adverse par mauvaise classification ciblée @fr

Adversarial - Threat model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialThreatModel01
label: Attaque adverse - modèle des menaces @fr

Adversarial training
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialTraining01
label: Entraînement adverse @fr

Adversarial - Universal (Adversarial) perturbation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialUniversalperturbation01
label: Attaque adverse par perturbation universelle @fr

Adversarial - White-box attack (Perfect knowledge attack)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversarialWhiteBoxAttack01
label: Attaque adverse en boîte blanche @fr

Adversary
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAdversary01
label: Adversaire @fr

Agent
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAgent01

Agility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology

Algorithm
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAlgorithm01
has definition: DefAlgorithm02
has definition: DefAlgorithm03
has definition: DefAlgorithm04
label: Algorithme @fr

Algorithm Engineering
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAlgorithmEngineering01
has definition: DefAlgorithmEngineering02
label: Ingénierie algorithmique @fr

Analysability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO25010

Analytic learning (explanation-based learning)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAnalyticLearning01
label: Apprentissage analytique @fr

Analyzability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Anomaly - misclassified samples
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAnomalyMisclassifiedSamples01
label: Anomalie - échantillons mal classés @fr

Anomaly - novelty detection
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAnomalyNoveltyDetection01
label: Anomalie - détection de nouveauté @fr

Anomaly - out-of-distribution (OOD) detection
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAnomalyOutOfDistributiondetection01
label: Anomalie - détection de valeurs hors domaine @fr

Anomaly - outlier detection
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAnomalyOutlierDetection01
label: Anomalie - détection de valeurs aberrantes @fr

Appropriateness Recognisability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Interactions
label: Appropriateness recognisability

Artificial Intelligence (AI)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligence01
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligence02
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligence03
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligence04
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligence05
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligence06
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligence07
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligence08
has acronym: AI
has acronym: IA @fr
label: Intelligence Artificielle (IA) @fr

Artificial Intelligence development
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligenceDevelopment01
label: Développement d'Intelligence Artificielle @fr

Artificial Intelligence System
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligenceSystem01
has definition: DefArtificialIntelligenceSystem02
label: Système d'Intelligence Artificielle @fr

Assessment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAssessment01
has definition: DefAssessment02
label: Evaluation @fr

Asset
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAsset01
label: Actif @fr

Assurance Case
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAssuranceCase01
label: Dossier de garantie @fr

Audience fit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Audio processing
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAudioProcessing01
label: Traitement du signal audio @fr

Audit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAudit01
has definition: DefAudit02
has theme: Technology

Auditability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAuditability01
has reference: ALTAI
has theme: Technology
label: Auditabilité @fr

Auditory comfort
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Authenticity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Autonomous
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAutonomous01
label: Autonome @fr

Autonomy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAutonomy01
has definition: DefAutonomy02
has definition: DefAutonomy03
has theme: Ethics
label: Autonomie @fr

Availability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefAvailability01
has reference: ISO15288
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology
label: Disponibilité @fr

Backward propagation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefBackwardPropagation01
label: Rétro-propagation @fr

Bayesian network
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefBayesianNetwork01
label: Réseau bayésien @fr

Benevolence
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics
includes: Environmental Well-being
includes: Promotion Of Human Value
includes: Social Well-being

Benevolence and integrity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO24028

Bias
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefBias01
has definition: DefBias02
has theme: Ethics
includes: Human Cognitive Bias
label: Biais @fr

Bias Reduction
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO24028
has theme: Ethics
includes: Bias
label: Bias reduction

Black box
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefBlackBox01
has definition: DefBlackBox02
label: Boîte noire @fr

Capability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO29148

Capacity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Care
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Certainty
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Certification
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCertification01
has definition: DefCertification02
has definition: DefCertification03
has definition: DefCertification04
has theme: Technology

Certification Credit
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCertificationCredit01
label: Certification @fr

Classification
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefClassification01

Classifier
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefClassifier01
label: Classifieur @fr

Clustering
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefClustering01

Co-existence
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO25010

Cognition
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCognition01

Cognitive science (cognitivism)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCognitiveScience01
label: Science cognitive (cognivitisme) @fr

Comfort
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Commercial Off-The-Shelf
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCommercialOffTheShelf01
has acronym: COTS
label: Logiciel commercial prêt à l'emploi @fr

Community Involvement And Development
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Compatibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO25010

Completeness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Completeness Of Explainability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Interactions
includes: Precision Of Explanability

Compliance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCompliance01
has theme: Technology
label: Conformité @fr

Compliance to standards
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Component
type: NamedIndividual
type: Engineering item
type: Keyword
has definition: DefComponent01
has definition: DefComponent02
label: Composant @fr

Comprehensibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefComprehensibility01
label: Compréhensibilité @fr

Computer vision
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefComputerVision01
label: Vision par ordinateur @fr

Concept of Operations
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefConceptOfOperations01
has acronym: ConOps
label: Concept d'Operation @fr

Confidentiality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO15288
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Configuration Management
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefConfigurationManagement01
has definition: DefConfigurationManagement02
label: Gestion de configuration @fr

Conformity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefConformity01
label: Conformité @fr

Confusion matrix
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefConfusionMatrix01
label: Matrice de confusion @fr

Connectionism (connectionist paradigm)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefConnectionism01
label: Connexionnisme (paradigme connexionniste) @fr

Consistency
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefConsistency01
has reference: ISO24028
has theme: Ethics
has theme: Technology
label: Cohérence @fr

Continuity Of Operation In Emmergencies
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Continuity of operations in emergencies
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO29148

Controllability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefControllability01
has reference: ISO24028
has theme: Technology
includes: Intervenability
includes: User Controllability
label: Contrôlabilité @fr

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefConvolutionalNeuralNetworks01
has acronym: CNN
label: Réseau de neurones convolutif @fr

Correctness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCorrectness01
has definition: DefCorrectness02
has definition: DefCorrectness03
has theme: Technology
label: Justesse @fr

Coverage
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Criticality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCriticality01
label: Criticité @fr

Criticality Level
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefCriticalityLevel01
label: Niveau de criticité @fr

Cybersecurity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Data
type: NamedIndividual
type: Engineering item
type: Keyword
has definition: DefData01
has definition: DefData02
label: Donnée @fr

Data Accessibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Accuracy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Semantic Data Accuracy
includes: Syntactic Data Accuracy

Data annotation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataAnnotation01
label: Annotation de données @fr

Data augmentation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataAugmentation01
label: Amplification de données @fr

Data Availability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Completeness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Compliance .
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Confidentiality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Consistency
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Correctness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Diversity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data-driven AI
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataDrivenAI01
label: IA dirigée par la donnée @fr

Data Efficiency
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data engineering
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataEngineering01
has definition: DefDataEngineering02
label: Ingénierie des données @fr

Data Gouvernance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Data Security

Data Integrity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data management standards
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Data mining
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataMining01
label: Fouille de données @fr

Data Portability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Precision
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Quality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataQuality01
has definition: DefDataQuality02
has theme: Technology
includes: Inherent Data Quality
includes: System-Dependent Data Quality
label: Qualité des données @fr

Data Recoverability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Reliability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Representativeness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data sampling
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataSampling01
label: Echantillonnage de données @fr

Data science
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataScience01
has definition: DefDataScience02
label: Science des données @fr

Data Security
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Timeliness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Traceability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Understandability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Data Usability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Dataset
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDataset01
label: Ensemble de données @fr

Deep learning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDeepLearning01
has definition: DefDeepLearning02
label: Apprentissage profond @fr

DefAbductiveInference01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Inference from particular facts to plausible explanations of these facts.
has text: Inférence qui part de faits particuliers pour arriver à des explications plausibles de ces faits. @fr

DefAcceptanceCriteria01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Criteria that a system or component must satisfy in order to be accepted by a user, customer, or other authorized entity
has text: Critères qu'un système ou un composant doit satisfaire afin d'être accepté par un utilisateur, un client ou toute autre entité autorisée. @fr

DefAcceptanceCriteria02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted
has text: Un ensemble de conditions qui doivent être remplies avant que les produits livrables ne soient acceptés. @fr

DefAcceptanceTest01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Test d'un système ou d'une unité fonctionnelle généralement effectué par l'acheteur dans ses locaux après l'installation avec la participation du vendeur pour s'assurer que les exigences contractuelles sont respectées. @fr
has text: Test of a system or functional unit usually performed by the purchaser on his premises after installation with the participation of the vendor to ensure that the contractual requirements are met.

DefAccountability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Property that ensures that the actions of an entity may be traced uniquely to that entity
has text: Propriété qui garantit que les actions d'une entité ne peuvent être attribuées qu'à cette entité. @fr

DefAccuracy01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: A qualitative assessment of correctness, or freedom from error.
has text: Une évaluation qualitative de la justesse, ou de l'absence d'erreur. @fr

DefAccuracy02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: A quantitative measure of the magnitude of error.
has text: Une mesure quantitative de l'ampleur de l'erreur. @fr

DefAccuracy03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Dans le cadre du système de gestion de la qualité, l'exactitude est une évaluation de la justesse. @fr
has text: Within the quality management system, accuracy is an assessment of correctness.

DefAdaptiveLearning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Learning strategy that consists in adjusting internal knowledge according to advice from an external knowledge source, or transforming newly acquired information according to existing knowledge.
has text: Stratégie d'apprentissage qui consiste à ajuster les connaissances en mémoire selon les indications d'une source de connaissances extérieure ou à transformer les informations nouvelles selon les connaissances en mémoire. @fr

DefAdaptiveNeuralNetwork01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Neural network that is able to adjust its performance characteristics according to changes in its environment.
has text: Réseau neuronal capable d'ajuster ses caractéristiques de fonctionnement selon les variations de son environnement. @fr

DefAdversarialAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Action ciblant un système d'apprentissage pour provoquer un dysfonctionnement. @fr
has text: Action targeting a learning system to cause malfunction.

DefAdversarialBlackBoxAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Attack that assumes no knowledge about the model under attack. The adversary may use context or historical information to infer model vulnerability. The attacker may probe the system to inform system vulnerabilities.
has text: Attaque qui ne nécessite aucune connaissance du modèle attaqué. L'adversaire peut utiliser des informations contextuelles ou historiques pour déduire la vulnérabilité du modèle. L'attaquant peut sonder le système pour s'informer des vulnérabilités du système. @fr

DefAdversarialEvasionAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'attaquant manipule les échantillons d'entrée pour échapper (provoquer une mauvaise classification) à un classifieur entraîné au moment du test. @fr
has text: The attacker manipulates input samples to evade (cause a misclassification) a trained classifier at test time.

DefAdversarialExample01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: ML input sample formed by applying a small but intentionally worst-case perturbation to a clean example, such that the perturbed input causes a learned model to output an incorrect answer.
has text: Échantillon d'entrée ML formé par l'application d'une petite perturbation, mais intentionnellement la plus mauvaise, à un exemple propre, de sorte que l'entrée perturbée amène un modèle appris à produire une réponse incorrecte. @fr

DefAdversarialFastGradientSignMethod01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: An efficient method for computing an adversarial image perturbation, using the gradient of the cost function. The image is perturbed to increase the loss of the classifier on the resulting image.
has text: Une méthode efficace pour calculer une perturbation d'image contradictoire, en utilisant le gradient de la fonction de coût. L'image est perturbée pour augmenter la perte du classifieur sur l'image résultante. @fr

DefAdversarialGrayBoxAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Attack which assumes partial knowledge about the model under attack (e.g., type of features, or type of training data).
has text: Attaque qui suppose une connaissance partielle du modèle attaqué (par exemple, le type de caractéristiques ou le type de données d'apprentissage). @fr

http://irt-systemx.fr/ontology#DefAdversarialJacobianBasedSaliencyMapAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: An attack that makes optimal miniscule changes to input data until the classifier is fooled or a maximum number of changes is met.
has text: Une attaque qui apporte des modifications minuscules et optimales aux données d'entrée jusqu'à ce que le classifieur soit trompé ou qu'un nombre maximum de modifications soit atteint. @fr

DefAdversarialNonTargetedAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: An attack that causes any misclassification as opposed to causing classification into a specific (incorrect) class. The predicted label of the adversarial example is irrelevant, as long as it is not the correct label.
has text: Une attaque qui provoque une classification erronée par opposition à une classification dans une classe spécifique (incorrecte). L'étiquette prédite de l'exemple adverse n'est pas pertinente, tant que ce n'est pas l'étiquette correcte. @fr

DefAdversarialOnePixelAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: An (evasion) attack that alters a single pixel in an image to cause a misclassification.
has text: Une attaque (d'évasion) qui modifie un seul pixel d'une image pour provoquer une erreur de classification. @fr

DefAdversarialPerturbation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Le bruit ajouté à un échantillon d'entrée pour en faire un exemple adverse. @fr
has text: The noise added to an input sample to make it an adversarial example.

DefAdversarialPoisoningAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Aims to increase the number of misclassified samples at test time by injecting a small fraction of carefully designed adversarial samples into the training data. Indirect poisoning manipulates data before any preprocessing, while direct poisoning alters either the data by Data Injection or Data Manipulation, or the model itself by Logic Corruption. Also known as a contamination of the training data. Alternately, also includes tampering with the ML algorithm itself, to compromise the whole learning process.
has text: Vise à augmenter le nombre d'échantillons mal classés au moment du test en injectant une petite fraction d'échantillons adverses soigneusement conçus dans les données d'entraînement. L'empoisonnement indirect manipule les données avant tout prétraitement, tandis que l'empoisonnement direct modifie soit les données par injection ou manipulation de données, soit le modèle lui-même par corruption logique. Également connu sous le nom de contamination des données d'entraînement. Il peut également s'agir de la manipulation de l'algorithme ML lui-même, afin de compromettre l'ensemble du processus d'apprentissage. @fr

DefAdversarialRealWorldAttacks01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Attacks successfully executed on existing systems.
has text: Attaques exécutées avec succès sur des systèmes existants. @fr

http://irt-systemx.fr/ontology#DefAdversarialTargetedMisclassificationAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'adversaire essaie de produire des entrées qui forcent la sortie du modèle de classification à être une classe cible spécifique. Par exemple, toute image entrée dans le modèle de classification sera prédite comme une classe d'images comportant un panneau "Limitation de vitesse". @fr
has text: The adversary tries to produce inputs that force the output of the classification model to be a specific target class. For example, any input image to the classification model will be predicted as a class of images having a ‘Speed Limit’ sign.

DefAdversarialThreatModel01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Adversarial goals, knowledge, and capabilities that a system is designed to defend against.
has text: Objectifs, connaissances et capacités de l'adversaire contre lesquels un système est conçu pour se défendre. @fr

DefAdversarialTraining01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Defensive method to increase model robustness by injecting adversarial examples into the training set.
has text: Méthode défensive visant à accroître la robustesse des modèles en injectant des exemples adverses dans l'ensemble d'apprentissage. @fr

DefAdversarialUniversalperturbation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Perturbation able to fool a given model on ‘any’ image with high probability.
has text: Perturbation capable de tromper un modèle donné sur "n'importe quelle" image avec une forte probabilité. @fr

DefAdversarialWhiteBoxAttack01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Attack that exploits model internal information. It assumes complete knowledge of the targeted model, including its parameter values, architecture, training method, and in some cases its training data as well.
has text: Attaque qui exploite les informations internes du modèle. Elle suppose une connaissance complète du modèle ciblé, y compris ses valeurs de paramètres, son architecture, sa méthode d'entraînement et, dans certains cas, ses données d'entraînement également. @fr

DefAdversary01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'agent qui mène ou a l'intention de mener des activités préjudiciables, peut-être en créant un exemple adverse. @fr
has text: The agent who conducts or intends to conduct detrimental activities, perhaps by creating an adversarial example.

DefAgent01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Automated entity that perceives its environment and takes actions to achieve its goals.
has text: Entité automatisée qui perçoit son environnement et prend des mesures pour atteindre ses objectifs. @fr

DefAlgorithm01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: A finite set of well-defined rules for the solution of a problem in a finite number of steps.
has text: Un ensemble fini de règles bien définies pour la résolution d'un problème en un nombre fini d'étapes. @fr

DefAlgorithm02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: A sequence of operations for performing a specific task.
has text: Une séquence d'opérations pour effectuer une tâche spécifique. @fr

DefAlgorithm03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: A finite ordered set of well-defined rules for the solution of a problem.
has text: Un ensemble fini et ordonné de règles bien définies pour la résolution d'un problème. @fr

DefAlgorithm04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio05
has text: Ensemble de règles permettant de transformer la représentation logique des données. @fr
has text: Set of rules for transforming the logical representation of data.

DefAlgorithmEngineering01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'ensemble du processus de conception, d'analyse, de mise en œuvre, de réglage, de débogage et d'évaluation expérimentale des programmes informatiques destinés à résoudre des problèmes algorithmiques. (définition adaptée) @fr
has text: The whole process of designing, analyzing, implementing, tuning, debugging and experimentally evaluating computer programs for solving algorithmic problems. (adapted definition)

DefAlgorithmEngineering02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Methodologies and tools for developing and engineering efficient algorithmic codes and integrating and reinforcing traditional theoretical approaches for the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures. (adapted definition)
has text: Méthodologies et outils pour le développement et l'ingénierie de codes algorithmiques efficaces et l'intégration et le renforcement des approches théoriques traditionnelles pour la conception et l'analyse des algorithmes et des structures de données. (définition adaptée) @fr

DefAnalyticLearning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Advanced form of deductive learning in which abstract or structured knowledge is derived from operational knowledge and from domain knowledge
has text: Apprentissage déductif évolué qui permet de dériver des connaissances abstraites ou structurées de connaissances opératoires ou des connaissances d'un domaine. @fr

DefAnomalyMisclassifiedSamples01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Objects that are likely to be misclassified and that fall near the decision boundary where the classifier is uncertain. Such problems are known as the problem of classification with reject option. (adapted definition)
has text: Objets susceptibles d'être mal classés et qui se situent près de la frontière de décision où le classifieur est incertain. De tels problèmes sont connus comme étant des problèmes de classification avec option de rejet. (définition adaptée) @fr

DefAnomalyNoveltyDetection01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Points de test qui pourraient être de nouvelles observations, c'est-à-dire l'équivalent d'une valeur aberrante pour les données de test. Un exemple serait une nouvelle race rare de chiens pour un ensemble de données sur les races de chiens. De tels points sont particulièrement intéressants dans l'apprentissage actif où, une fois identifiés, ils sont annotés et ajoutés à l'ensemble d'apprentissage, améliorant encore le classificateur actuel. (définition adaptée) @fr
has text: Test points that could be new observations, i.e., the equivalent of an outlier for the test data. An example would be a new rare breed of dogs for a dataset of dog breeds. Such points are particularly interesting in active learning where once identified they are annotated and added to the training set, further improving the current classifier. (adapted definition)

DefAnomalyOutOfDistributiondetection01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Objects that are drawn from a distribution different from the training distribution. In deep learning, we can distinguish two types of OOD: - low-level: different pixel statistics due to a mismatch between training and testing environments, e.g., a perception model for a vehicle trained for a country and tested on another one, a model trained on day-time images and tested on night-time images. - high-level (semantic): unknown objects or entities in a familiar environment, e.g., electric scooters for a perception model trained before scooters populated the streets (adapted definition)
has text: Objets qui sont tirés d'une distribution différente de la distribution d'apprentissage. En apprentissage profond, nous pouvons distinguer deux types d'OOD : - bas niveau : différentes statistiques de pixels dues à une inadéquation entre les environnements d'entraînement et de test, par exemple, un modèle de perception d'un véhicule entraîné pour un pays et testé sur un autre, un modèle entraîné sur des images diurnes et testé sur des images nocturnes. - haut niveau (sémantique) : objets ou entités inconnus dans un environnement familier, par exemple, des scooters électriques pour un modèle de perception entraîné avant que les scooters ne peuplent les rues. (définition adaptée) @fr

DefAnomalyOutlierDetection01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Data points from the training set that are far from the others, i.e., an unusual or noisy training sample. An example would be a highly blurry picture of a pedestrian in a dataset for pedestrian detection or a picture of cat within a dataset of dogs. (adapted definition)
has text: Points de données de l'ensemble d'apprentissage qui sont éloignés des autres, c'est-à-dire un échantillon d'apprentissage inhabituel ou bruyant. Un exemple serait une photo très floue d'un piéton dans un ensemble de données pour la détection des piétons ou une photo de chat dans un ensemble de données de chiens. (définition adaptée) @fr

DefArtificialIntelligence01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Any digital system capable of performing tasks commonly thought to require intelligence, with these tasks often being learned from data and/or experience.
has text: Tout système numérique capable d'effectuer des tâches généralement considérées comme nécessitant de l'intelligence, ces tâches étant souvent apprises à partir de données et/ou d'expériences. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligence02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Branche de l'informatique consacrée au développement de systèmes de traitement des données qui remplissent des fonctions normalement associées à l'intelligence humaine, telles que le raisonnement, l'apprentissage et l'auto-amélioration. @fr
has text: The branch of computer science devoted to developing data processing systems that perform functions normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and self improvement.

DefArtificialIntelligence03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Capability of an engineered system to acquire, process and apply knowledge and skills. Knowledge are facts, information and skills acquired through experience or education.
has text: Capacité d'un système d'ingénierie à acquérir, traiter et appliquer des connaissances et des compétences. Les connaissances sont des faits, des informations et des compétences acquises par l'expérience ou l'éducation. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligence04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcArtificial03
has text: AI is a generic term that refers to any machine or algorithm that is capable of observing its environment, learning, and based on the knowledge and experience gained, taking intelligent action or proposing decisions.
has text: L'IA est un terme générique qui désigne toute machine ou algorithme capable d'observer son environnement, d'apprendre et, sur la base des connaissances et de l'expérience acquises, de prendre des mesures intelligentes ou de proposer des décisions. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligence05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Artificial intelligence refers to systems that use technologies such as: text mining, computer vision, speech recognition, natural language generation, machine learning, deep learning to gather and/or use data to predict, recommend or decide, with varying levels of autonomy, the best action to achieve specific goals.
has text: L'intelligence artificielle fait référence à des systèmes qui utilisent des technologies telles que : l'exploration de texte, la vision par ordinateur, la reconnaissance vocale, la génération de langage naturel, l'apprentissage automatique, l'apprentissage profond pour rassembler et/ou utiliser des données afin de prédire, recommander ou décider, avec différents niveaux d'autonomie, de la meilleure action pour atteindre des objectifs spécifiques. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligence06
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Artificial Intelligence refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking action — with some degree of autonomy — to achieve specific goals
has text: L’intelligence artificielle (IA) désigne les systèmes qui font preuve d'un comportement intelligent en analysant leur environnement et en prenant des mesures – avec un certain degré d’autonomie – pour atteindre des objectifs spécifiques. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligence07
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: AI is the study of methods allowing to the computer to behave intelligently…AI includes tasks as learning, reasoning, planning, perception, language comprehension and robotics…these technologies aim to achieve with computer science cognitive tasks that are traditionally achieved by human beings.
has text: L'IA est l’étude des méthodes permettant aux ordinateurs de se comporter intelligemment… l’IA inclut des tâches telles que l’apprentissage, le raisonnement, la planification, la perception, la compréhension du langage et la robotique… ces technologies visent à réaliser par l’informatique des tâches cognitives réalisées traditionnellement par les êtres humains. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligence08
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcJORFN0285D01
has text: A theoretical and practical interdisciplinary field, with the objective of understanding the cognitive and thinking mechanisms, and their imitation by a material and software device, for assistance or substitution purposes of human activities. (translated from French)
has text: Champ interdisciplinaire théorique et pratique qui a pour objet la compréhension de mécanismes de la cognition et de la réflexion, et leur imitation par un dispositif matériel et logiciel, à des fins d’assistance ou de substitution à des activités humaines. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligenceDevelopment01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: AI development refers to the process of researching, designing, testing, deploying, or monitoring AI.
has text: Le développement d'IA désigne le processus de recherche, de conception, de test, de déploiement ou de surveillance de l'IA. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligenceSystem01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: AI systems are software (and possibly also hardware) systems designed by humans that, given a complex goal, act in the physical or digital dimension by perceiving their environment through data acquisition, interpreting the collected structured or unstructured data, reasoning on the knowledge, or processing the information, derived from this data and deciding the best action(s) to take to achieve the given goal. AI systems can either use symbolic rules or learn a numeric model, and they can also adapt their behaviour by analysing how the environment is affected by their previous actions
has text: Les systèmes d'IA sont des systèmes logiciels (et éventuellement matériels) conçus par des humains qui, compte tenu d'un objectif complexe, agissent dans la dimension physique ou numérique en percevant leur environnement par l'acquisition de données, en interprétant les données structurées ou non structurées recueillies, en raisonnant sur les connaissances ou en traitant les informations dérivées de ces données et en décidant de la ou des meilleures actions à entreprendre pour atteindre l'objectif fixé. Les systèmes d'IA peuvent soit utiliser des règles symboliques, soit apprendre un modèle numérique, et ils peuvent également adapter leur comportement en analysant comment l'environnement est affecté par leurs actions précédentes. @fr

DefArtificialIntelligenceSystem02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: System using AI.
has text: Système utilisant de l'IA. @fr

DefAssessment01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRailwayApp02
has text: La réalisation d'une enquête afin d'arriver à un jugement, basé sur des preuves, de l'aptitude d'un produit. @fr
has text: The undertaking of an investigation in order to arrive at a judgement, based on evidence, of the suitability of a product.

DefAssessment02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio04
has text: Verification of a product, system or service against a standard using the corresponding assessment method to establish compliance and determine the assurance.
has text: Vérification d'un produit, d'un système ou d'un service par rapport à une norme en utilisant la méthode d'évaluation correspondante pour établir la conformité et déterminer l'assurance. @fr

DefAsset01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio04
has text: Anything that has value to an organization.
has text: Tout ce qui a de la valeur pour une organisation. @fr

DefAssuranceCase01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: An assurance case provides an argument to justify certain claims about a system, based on evidence concerning both the system and the environment in which it operates. The claims can be about any system property, such as reliability or security, and thereby generalize the previously established notion of a safety case, where the claim is always about safety.
has text: Un dossier de garantie fournit un argument pour justifier certaines affirmations concernant un système, sur la base de preuves concernant à la fois le système et l'environnement dans lequel il fonctionne. Les affirmations peuvent concerner n'importe quelle propriété du système, comme la fiabilité ou la sécurité, et généralisent ainsi la notion précédemment établie de cas de sécurité, où l'affirmation concerne toujours la sécurité. @fr

DefAudioProcessing01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Audio processing refers to AI systems allowing the perception or generation (synthesis) of audio signals, including speech, but also other sound material (e.g. environmental sounds, music). Speech or voice recognition, audio processing or sound technologies are also often proposed to be archived as an AI subdivision.
has text: Le traitement du signal audio désigne les systèmes d'IA permettant la perception ou la génération (synthèse) de signaux audio, y compris la parole, mais aussi d'autres matériaux sonores (par exemple, les sons de l'environnement, la musique). La reconnaissance de la parole ou de la voix, le traitement audio ou les technologies du son sont également souvent proposés comme une sous-catégorie de l'IA. @fr

DefAudit01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRailwayApp02
has text: A systematic and independent examination to determine whether the procedures specific to the requirements of a product comply with the planned arrangements, are implemented effectively and are suitable to achieve the specified objectives.
has text: Un examen systématique et indépendant visant à déterminer si les procédures spécifiques aux exigences d'un produit sont conformes aux dispositions prévues, sont mises en œuvre efficacement et permettent d'atteindre les objectifs spécifiés. @fr

DefAudit02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: A systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled. Note 1 to entry: An audit can be an internal audit (first party) or an external audit (second party or third party), and it can be a combined audit (combining two or more disciplines). Note 2 to entry: An internal audit is conducted by the organization itself, or by an external party on its behalf.
has text: Processus méthodique, indépendant et documenté permettant d'obtenir des preuves d'audit et de les évaluer de manière objective pour déterminer dans quelle mesure les critères d'audit sont satisfaits. Note 1 à l'article: Un audit peut être interne (audit de première partie), externe (audit de seconde ou de tierce partie) ou combiné (associant deux disciplines ou plus). Note 2 à l'article: Un audit interne est réalisé par l’organisme lui-même ou par une partie externe pour le compte de celui-ci. @fr

DefAuditability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La mesure dans laquelle un examen indépendant du processus de développement et de vérification du système peut être effectué. @fr
has text: The extent to which an independent examination of the development and verification process of the system can be performed

DefAutonomous01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcStandardFo01
has text: Fonctionne sans surveillance ni intervention humaine. @fr
has text: Operates without human oversight or intervention.

DefAutonomy01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcStandardFo01
has text: A capability or function that provides autonomous operation.
has text: Une capacité ou une fonction qui permet un fonctionnement autonome. @fr

DefAutonomy02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoboticsAp01
has text: Ability to perform intended tasks based on current state and sensing, without human intervention.
has text: Capacité à effectuer les tâches prévues en fonction de l'état actuel et de la détection, sans intervention humaine. @fr

DefAutonomy03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Caractéristique d'un système qui est capable de modifier son domaine de fonctionnement ou son objectif sans intervention, contrôle ou surveillance externe. @fr
has text: Characteristic of a system that is capable of modifying its operating domain or goal without external intervention, control or oversight.

DefAvailability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRailwayApp04
has text: La capacité d'un produit à être dans un état permettant d'exécuter une fonction requise dans des conditions données à un instant donné ou sur un intervalle de temps donné en supposant que les ressources externes requises soient fournies. @fr
has text: The ability of a product to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time or over a given time interval assuming that the required external resources are provided.

DefBackwardPropagation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Method used in artificial neural networks to determine the weights to be used on the network connections based on the computed error at the output of the network.
has text: Méthode utilisée dans les réseaux neuronaux artificiels pour déterminer les poids à utiliser sur les connexions du réseau en fonction de l'erreur calculée à la sortie du réseau. @fr

DefBayesianNetwork01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Modèle probabiliste qui utilise l'inférence bayésienne pour les calculs de probabilité en utilisant un graphe acyclique orienté. @fr
has text: Probabilistic model that uses Bayesian inference for probability computations using a directed acyclic graph.

DefBias01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Measure of the distance between the predicted value provided by the ML model and a desired fair prediction.
has text: Mesure de la distance entre la valeur prédite fournie par le modèle ML et une prédiction juste souhaitée. @fr

DefBias02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Favoritisme pour certaines choses, personnes ou groupes au détriment d'autres. @fr
has text: Favouritism towards some things, people or groups over others.

DefBlackBox01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: A system or component whose inputs, outputs, and general function are known but whose contents or implementation are unknown or implementation are unknown or irrelevant.
has text: Un système ou un composant dont les entrées, les sorties et la fonction générale sont connues, mais dont le contenu ou l'implémentation sont inconnus ou non pertinents. @fr

DefBlackBox02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Pertaining to an approach that treats a system or component whose inputs, outputs, and general function are known but whose contents or implementation are unknown or irrelevant.
has text: Se rapporte à une approche qui traite un système ou un composant dont les entrées, les sorties et la fonction générale sont connues, mais dont le contenu ou l'implémentation est inconnu ou non pertinent. @fr

DefCertification01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Attestation d'une tierce partie concernant des produits, des processus, des systèmes ou des personnes. @fr
has text: Third-party attestation related to products, processes, systems, or persons.

DefCertification02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: A written guarantee that a system or component complies with its specified requirements and is acceptable for operational use.
has text: Une garantie écrite qu'un système ou un composant est conforme à ses exigences spécifiées et est acceptable pour une utilisation opérationnelle. @fr

DefCertification03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Démonstration formelle qu'un système ou un composant est conforme aux exigences spécifiées et est acceptable pour une utilisation opérationnelle. @fr
has text: Formal demonstration that a system or component complies with its specified requirements and is acceptable for operational use.

DefCertification04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Process of confirming that a system or component complies with its specified requirements and is acceptable for operational use.
has text: Processus de confirmation qu'un système ou un composant est conforme à ses exigences spécifiées et qu'il est acceptable pour une utilisation opérationnelle. @fr

DefCertificationCredit01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcIntegrated01
has text: Acceptance by the certification authority that a process, product or demonstration satisfies a certification requirement.
has text: Acceptation par l'autorité de certification qu'un processus, un produit ou une démonstration satisfait à une exigence de certification. @fr

DefClassification01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Fonction d'apprentissage automatique qui prédit la classe de sortie pour une entrée donnée. @fr
has text: Machine learning function that predicts the output class for a given input.

DefClassifier01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: ML model used for classification.
has text: Modèle ML utilisé pour la classification. @fr

DefClustering01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Grouping of a set of objects such that objects in the same group (i.e. a cluster) are more similar to each other than to those in other clusters.
has text: Regroupement d'un ensemble d'objets de telle sorte que les objets d'un même groupe (c'est-à-dire d'un cluster) sont plus semblables les uns aux autres que ceux des autres clusters. @fr

DefCognition01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Action mentale ou processus d'acquisition de connaissances et de compréhension par la pensée, l'expérience et les sens. @fr
has text: The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

DefCognitiveScience01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Domaine interdisciplinaire qui se propose de découvrir les capacités de la pensée à représenter et à calculer, ainsi que leur matérialisation structurelle et fonctionnelle dans le cerveau humain. La science cognitive s'intéresse à la nature du traitement symbolique impliqué dans les processus cognitifs, et ce, à partir de disciplines aussi diverses que la psychologie, l'informatique, la linguistique, l'anthropologie, la philosophie, la pédagogie, les mathématiques, l'ingénierie, la physiologie et la neuroscience. @fr
has text: Interdisciplinary knowledge field, whose stated objective is to discover the representational and computational capacities of the mind and their structural and functional representation in the brain. Cognitive science deals with the symbol-processing nature of cognition and encompasses disciplines as diverse as psychology, computer science, linguistics, anthropology, philosophy, education, mathematics, engineering, physiology, and neuroscience.

DefCommercialOffTheShelf01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRailwayApp03
has text: Logiciel défini par les besoins du marché, disponible dans le commerce et dont l'aptitude à l'emploi a été démontrée par un large éventail d'utilisateurs commerciaux. @fr
has text: Software defined by market-driven need, commercially available and whose fitness for purpose has been demonstrated by a broad spectrum of commercial users.

DefCompliance01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRailwayApp02
has text: A demonstration that a characteristic or property of a product satisfies the stated requirements.
has text: Démonstration qu'une caractéristique ou une propriété d'un produit satisfait aux exigences énoncées. @fr

DefComponent01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A basic building-block for systems with well-defined interfaces, behavior and explicit context dependencies only. A component can be deployed independently. That is, it implements a clear function. A component can be composed with other components into systems, sub-system or new components. A component can exist in the form of software or hardware or a combination of both.
has text: Une brique de base pour les systèmes avec des interfaces bien définies, un comportement et des dépendances contextuelles explicites uniquement. Un composant peut être déployé indépendamment. C'est-à-dire qu'il met en œuvre une fonction claire. Un composant peut être composé d'autres composants pour former des systèmes, des sous-systèmes ou de nouveaux composants. Un composant peut exister sous forme de logiciel ou de matériel ou une combinaison des deux. @fr

DefComponent02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcIntegrated01
has text: A self-contained hardware or software part, database, or combination thereof that may be configuration controlled.
has text: Une partie matérielle ou logicielle autonome (indépendante), une base de données ou une combinaison de celles-ci qui peut être contrôlée par la configuration. @fr

DefComprehensibility01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Lorsqu'elle est conçue pour les modèles ML, la compréhensibilité fait référence à la capacité d'un algorithme d'apprentissage à représenter les connaissances apprises d'une manière compréhensible pour l'homme. Cette notion d'intelligibilité du modèle découle des postulats de Michalski, selon lesquels "les résultats de l'induction informatique doivent être des descriptions symboliques d'entités données, sémantiquement et structurellement similaires à celles qu'un expert humain pourrait produire en observant les mêmes entités. Les composantes de ces descriptions doivent être compréhensibles comme des "morceaux" d'information, directement interprétables en langage naturel, et doivent relier les concepts quantitatifs et qualitatifs de manière intégrée". Étant donné sa quantification difficile, la compréhensibilité est normalement liée à l'évaluation de la complexité du modèle. @fr
has text: When conceived for ML models, comprehensibility refers to the ability of a learning algorithm to represent its learned knowledge in a human understandable fashion. This notion of model comprehensibility stems from the postulates of Michalski, which stated that “the results of computer induction should be symbolic descriptions of given entities, semantically and structurally similar to those a human expert might produce observing the same entities. Components of these descriptions should be comprehensible as single ‘chunks’ of information, directly interpretable in natural language, and should relate quantitative and qualitative concepts in an integrated fashion”. Given its difficult quantification, comprehensibility is normally tied to the evaluation of the model complexity.

DefComputerVision01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Capability of a functional unit to acquire, process and interpret visual data.
has text: Capacité d'une unité fonctionnelle à acquérir, traiter et interpréter des données visuelles. @fr

DefConceptOfOperations01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Déclaration verbale et/ou graphique, dans les grandes lignes, des hypothèses ou des intentions d'une organisation concernant une opération ou une série d'opérations. @fr
has text: Verbal and/or graphic statement , in broad outline, of an organization's assumptions or intent in regard to an operation or series of operations.

DefConfigurationManagement01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, control change to those characteristics, record and report change processing and implementation status and verify compliance with specified requirements.
has text: Une discipline qui applique des directives et une surveillance techniques et administratives pour identifier et documenter les caractéristiques fonctionnelles et physiques d'un élément de configuration, contrôler les changements apportés à ces caractéristiques, enregistrer et signaler le traitement des changements et le statut de la mise en œuvre et vérifier la conformité aux exigences spécifiées. @fr

DefConfigurationManagement02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcIntegrated01
has text: A discipline applying technical and administrative direction and surveillance to (a) identify and record the functional and physical characteristics of a configuration item, (b) control changes to those characteristics, and (c) record and report change control processing and implementation status.
has text: Une discipline appliquant des directives et une surveillance techniques et administratives pour (a) identifier et enregistrer les caractéristiques fonctionnelles et physiques d'un élément de configuration, (b) contrôler les changements apportés à ces caractéristiques, et (c) enregistrer et rapporter le traitement du contrôle des changements et l'état de la mise en œuvre. @fr

DefConformity01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Fulfilment of a requirement.
has text: Satisfaction d'une exigence. @fr

DefConfusionMatrix01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Table used to describe the performance of a classifier on a set of test data for which the true and false values are known.
has text: Tableau utilisé pour décrire la performance d'un classifieur sur un ensemble de données de test pour lesquelles les valeurs vraies et fausses sont connues. @fr

DefConnectionism01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Form of cognitive modelling that uses a network of interconnected units which generally are simple computational units.
has text: Forme de modélisation cognitive qui utilise un réseau d'unités interconnectées qui sont généralement des unités de calcul simples. @fr

DefConsistency01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio04
has text: Degree of uniformity, standardization and freedom from contradiction among the documents or parts of a system or component.
has text: Le degré d'uniformité, de normalisation et d'absence de contradiction entre les documents ou les parties d'un système ou d'un composant @fr

DefControllability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl02
has text: Ability to avoid a specified harm or damage through the timely reactions of the persons involved, possibly with support from external measures.
has text: Capacité d'éviter un préjudice ou un dommage donné grâce aux réactions opportunes des personnes concernées, éventuellement avec le soutien de mesures externes. @fr

DefConvolutionalNeuralNetworks01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A type of neural network for processing data that has a known grid-like topology. Convolutional networks use convolution, a specialised kind of linear operation in place of general matrix multiplication in at least one of their layers.
has text: Un type de réseau de neurones pour le traitement des données qui a une topologie connue en forme de grille. Les réseaux convolutionnels utilisent la convolution, un type spécialisé d'opération linéaire, à la place de la multiplication matricielle générale dans au moins une de leurs couches. @fr

DefCorrectness01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Le degré auquel un système ou un composant est exempt de fautes dans sa spécification, sa conception et son implémentation. @fr
has text: The degree to which a system or component is free from faults in its specification, design, and implementation.

DefCorrectness02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Le degré auquel le logiciel, la documentation ou d'autres éléments répondent aux exigences spécifiées. @fr
has text: The degree to which software, documentation, or other items meet specified requirements.

DefCorrectness03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Le degré auquel le logiciel, la documentation ou d'autres éléments répondent aux besoins et aux attentes des utilisateurs, qu'ils soient spécifiés ou non. @fr
has text: The degree to which software, documentation, or other items meet user needs and expectations, whether specified or not

DefCriticality01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Degree of impact that a requirement, module, error, fault, failure, or other item has on the development or operation of a system.
has text: Degré d'impact d'une exigence, d'un module, d'une erreur, d'une faute, d'une défaillance ou d'un autre élément sur le développement ou le fonctionnement d'un système. @fr

DefCriticalityLevel01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcStandardFo01
has text: Level categorizing the risk associated with an unmitigated hazard.
has text: Niveau catégorisant le risque associé à un danger non atténué. @fr

DefData01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Re-interpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing. Data can be processed by human or automatic means.
has text: Représentation réinterprétable d'une information sous une forme conventionnelle convenant à la communication, à l'interprétation ou au traitement. Les données peuvent être traitées par des moyens humains ou automatiques. @fr

DefData02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Data are provided to the intelligent reasoning engines in order to give them a representation of the world. Once the data samples are acquired by the systems, they become information. This information is then interpreted by the intelligent systems, according to the context related to the acquisition of the data items, and the domain knowledge, among others. The domain knowledge is used to interpret a set of data items within a specific context.
has text: Les données sont fournies aux moteurs de raisonnement intelligents afin de leur donner une représentation du monde. Une fois que les échantillons de données sont acquis par les systèmes, ils deviennent des informations. Cette information est ensuite interprétée par les systèmes intelligents, en fonction du contexte lié à l'acquisition des éléments de données, et de la connaissance du domaine, entre autres. La connaissance du domaine est utilisée pour interpréter un ensemble d'éléments de données dans un contexte spécifique. @fr

DefDataAnnotation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Process of attaching a set of descriptive information to data without any change to that data.
has text: Processus consistant à joindre un ensemble d'informations descriptives à des données sans les modifier. @fr

DefDataAugmentation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Process of creating new data samples by manipulating the original data.
has text: Processus consistant à créer de nouveaux échantillons de données en manipulant les données originales. @fr

DefDataDrivenAI01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcEASAArtifi01
has text: L'approche dirigée par les données vise à construire un système capable d'apprendre quelle est la réponse appropriée après s'être entraîné sur un grand nombre d'exemples. @fr
has text: The data-driven approach focuses on building a system that can learn what is the appropriate answer based on having trained on a large number of examples.

DefDataEngineering01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Discipline qui vise à organiser, structurer, tracer et sélectionner les données de telle sorte que leur qualité, leur disponibilité, leur pertinence et leur traçabilité puissent être garanties tout au long de leur cycle de vie. @fr
has text: The discipline that aims to organise, structure, trace and select data in such a way that its quality, availability, relevance and traceability can be guaranteed throughout the life cycle of the data.

DefDataEngineering02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Discipline qui est liée aux aspects techniques des systèmes, du traitement, des modèles et de la gestion des données, y compris, mais sans s'y limiter, le big data. @fr
has text: Discipline which is related to the engineering aspects of systems, processing, models and management of data, including but not limited to big data.

DefDataMining01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Computational process that extracts patterns by analysing quantitative data from different perspectives and dimensions, categorizing it, and summarizing potential relationships and impacts.
has text: Processus informatique qui permet d'extraire des modèles en analysant des données quantitatives de différentes perspectives et dimensions, en les catégorisant et en résumant les relations et les impacts potentiels. @fr

DefDataQuality01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Degree to which the characteristics of data satisfy stated and implied needs when used under specified conditions.
has text: Mesure dans laquelle les caractéristiques des données répondent aux besoins exprimés et implicites lorsqu'elles sont utilisées dans des conditions spécifiées. @fr

DefDataQuality02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La mesure dans laquelle les données sont exemptes de défauts et possèdent les caractéristiques souhaitées. @fr
has text: The extent to which data are free of defects and possess desired features

DefDataSampling01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Process to select a subset of data samples intended to present patterns and trends similar to that of the larger dataset being analysed.
has text: Processus de sélection d'un sous-ensemble d'échantillons de données destiné à présenter des modèles et des tendances similaires à ceux de l'ensemble de données plus large analysé. @fr

DefDataScience01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Data science refers to the process for extracting knowledge from data – the approach can be either through exploration or by hypothesis testing. Data science refers to the complete data analytics lifecycle where data analytics is understood.
has text: La science des données fait référence au processus d'extraction de connaissances à partir de données - l'approche peut être soit par l'exploration, soit par la vérification d'hypothèses. La science des données fait référence au cycle de vie complet de l'analyse des données dans lequel l'analyse des données est comprise. @fr

DefDataScience02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcEASAArtifi01
has text: A broad field that refers to the collective processes, theories, concepts, tools and technologies that enable the extraction of information and analysis to acquire knowledge from that information.
has text: Un vaste domaine qui fait référence aux processus, théories, concepts, outils et technologies collectifs qui permettent l'extraction d'informations et l'analyse pour acquérir des connaissances à partir de ces informations. @fr

DefDataset01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: An aggregation of data, typically spawning more than one physical file,that are processed together and serve collectively as input or output of a computation or data ac-quisition process.
has text: Un agrégat de données, générant généralement plus d'un fichier physique, qui sont traitées ensemble et servent collectivement d'entrée ou de sortie d'un processus de calcul ou d'acquisition de données. @fr

DefDeepLearning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Approach to creating rich hierarchical representations through the training of neural networks with one or more hidden layers.
has text: Approche visant à créer des représentations hiérarchiques riches par l'entraînement de réseaux neuronaux comportant une ou plusieurs couches cachées. @fr

DefDeepLearning02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcEASAArtifi01
has text: A specific type of machine learning based on the use of large (deep) neural networks to learn abstract representations of the input data through the use of multiple layers.
has text: Un type spécifique d'apprentissage automatique basé sur l'utilisation de grands réseaux neuronaux (profonds) pour apprendre des représentations abstraites des données d'entrée par l'utilisation de couches multiples. @fr

DefDependability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La capacité de fournir un service auquel on peut faire confiance. Cela implique : - Disponibilité : disponibilité pour un service correct ; - Fiabilité : continuité d'un service correct ; - Sécurité : absence de conséquences catastrophiques sur le ou les utilisateurs et l'environnement ; - Confidentialité : absence de divulgation non autorisée d'informations ; - Intégrité : absence d'altérations inappropriées du système ; - Maintenabilité : capacité à subir des modifications et des réparations. - Sécurité : existence simultanée de la disponibilité pour les utilisateurs autorisés uniquement, de la confidentialité et de l'intégrité. @fr
has text: The ability to deliver service that can justifiably be trusted. It entails: - Availability: readiness for correct service; - Reliability: continuity of correct service; - Safety: absence of catastrophic consequences on the user(s) and the environment; - Confidentiality: absence of unauthorized disclosure of information; - Integrity: absence of improper system alterations; - Maintainability: ability to undergo modifications, and repairs. - Security: the concurrent existence of availability for authorized users only, confidentiality, and integrity (with ‘improper’ meaning ‘unauthorized’ here)

DefDependability02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: Ability to deliver services that can justifiably be trusted.
has text: Capacité à fournir des services auxquels on peut légitimement faire confiance. @fr

DefDescriptiveAnalytics01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Descriptive Analytics use data aggregation and data mining to provide insight into the past and answer: “What has happened?”
has text: L'analyse descriptive utilise l'agrégation et l'exploration de données pour donner un aperçu du passé et répondre à la question suivante : "Que s'est-il passé ?" @fr

DefDesign01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Processus visant à définir l'architecture, les éléments du système, les interfaces et les autres caractéristiques d'un système ou d'un élément du système. @fr
has text: The process to define the architecture, system elements, interfaces, and other characteristics of a system or system element.

DefDomain01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Ensemble de connaissances et de compétences relatives à une spécialité. @fr
has text: Specific field of knowledge or expertise.

DefDomain02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Partie d'un réseau d'ordinateurs dans laquelle les ressources ou l'adressage dépendent d'une autorité commune. @fr
has text: That part of a computer network in which the resources or addressing are under common control.

DefDomainKnowledge01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Connaissance accumulée dans un domaine particulier. @fr
has text: Knowledge accumulated in a particular domain.

DefDomainModel01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Model of a specific field of knowledge or expertise.
has text: Modèle représentant l'ensemble des connaissances et des compétences relatives à une spécialité. @fr

DefDynamicAssuranceCase01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Cadre générique pour fournir une confiance justifiée dans les capacités des systèmes autonomes intégrant des composants basés sur l'apprentissage automatique. @fr
has text: Generic framework to provide justified confidence in the capabilities of autonomous systems embedding machine learning-based components.

DefEffectiveness01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcQualityMan02
has text: Extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved.
has text: Niveau de réalisation des activités planifiées et d'obtention des résultats escomptés. @fr

DefEfficiency01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcQualityMan02
has text: Rapport entre le résultat obtenu et les ressources utilisées. @fr
has text: Relationship between the results achieved and the resources used.

DefEthical01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Moralement correct (ou, alternativement : relatif aux croyances sur ce qui est moralement correct et incorrect). @fr
has text: Morally right (or, alternatively: relating to beliefs about what is morally right and wrong).

DefExpertSystem01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Computer system that provides for expertly solving problems in a given field or application area by drawing inferences from a knowledge base developed from human expertise. The term "expert system" is sometimes used synonymously with "knowledge-based system", though it is usually taken to emphasize expert knowledge. Some expert systems are able to improve their knowledge base and develop new inference rules based on their experience with previous problems.
has text: Système informatique qui aide à résoudre les problèmes dans un domaine d'application déterminé, à la manière d'un expert et en faisant des inférences à partir d'une base de connaissances fondée sur l'expérience et la compétence humaines. Le terme «système expert» est parfois utilisé comme synonyme de «système à base de connaissances», bien qu'il mette en évidence la connaissance d'expert. Certains systèmes experts peuvent améliorer leur base de connaissances et créer de nouvelles règles d'inférence à partir de l'expérience acquise lors d ela résolution de problèmes antérieurs. @fr

DefExplainability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La mesure dans laquelle le comportement d'un modèle peut être rendu compréhensible pour les humains. @fr
has text: The extent to which the behaviour of a model can be made understandable to humans

DefExplainability02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Property of an AI system to express important factors influencing the AI system results in a way that humans can understand.
has text: Propriété d'un système d'IA capable de présenter les facteurs importants qui influencent les résultats du système d'IA, de manière compréhensible par un humain. @fr

DefExplainability03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcFourPrinci01
has text: Explanation: Systems deliver accompanying evidence or reason(s) for all outputs. Meaningful: Systems provide explanations that are understandable to individual users. Explanation Accuracy: The explanation correctly reflects the system’s process for generating the output. Knowledge Limits: The system only operates under conditions for which it was designed or when the system reaches a sufficient confidence in its output.
has text: Explication : Les systèmes fournissent des preuves ou des raisons pour tous les résultats. Significatif : Les systèmes fournissent des explications qui sont compréhensibles pour les utilisateurs individuels. Exactitude de l'explication : L'explication reflète correctement le processus utilisé par le système pour générer les résultats. Limites des connaissances : Le système ne fonctionne que dans les conditions pour lesquelles il a été conçu ou lorsque le système atteint un niveau de confiance suffisant dans ses résultats. @fr

DefExplainability04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Explainability is associated with the notion of explanation as an interface between humans and a decision maker that is, at the same time, both an accurate proxy of the decision maker and comprehensible to humans.
has text: L'explicabilité est associée à la notion d'explication en tant qu'interface entre les humains et un décideur qui est, à la fois, une représentation exacte du décideur et compréhensible pour les humains. @fr

DefExplainableArtificialIntelligence01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: An explainable Artificial Intelligence is one that produces details or reasons to make its functioning clear or easy to understand.
has text: Une Intelligence Artificielle explicable est celle qui produit des détails ou des raisons pour rendre son fonctionnement clair ou facile à comprendre. @fr

DefExplanationFacility01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Component of a knowledge-based system that explains how solutions were derived and justifies the steps used in reaching them.
has text: Elément d'un système à base de connaissances qui explique comment les solutions ont été obtenues et qui décrit les différentes étapes permettant d'y arriver. @fr

DefF1Score01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Mesure de performance utilisée pour évaluer un classifieur, qui fournit un équilibre (la moyenne harmonique) entre le rappel et la précision. @fr
has text: Performance metric used to evaluate a classifier, which provides a balance (the harmonic average) between recall and precision.

DefFailure01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl02
has text: Elimination de l'aptitude d'un élément à remplir une fonction comme prévu. @fr
has text: Elimination of the ability of an element, to perform a function as required.

DefFairness01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Impartial and just treatment or behaviour without favoritism or discrimination.
has text: Traitement ou comportement impartial et juste, sans favoritisme ni discrimination. @fr

DefFairness02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: Fairness refers to a variety of ideas known as equity, impartiality, egalitarianism, non-discrimination and justice. Fairness embodies an ideal of equal treatment between individuals or between groups of individuals. This is what is generally referred to as ‘substantive’ fairness. But fairness also encompasses a procedural perspective, that is the ability to seek and obtain relief when individual rights and freedoms are violated
has text: L'équité fait référence à une variété d'idées connues sous le nom d'équité, d'impartialité, d'égalitarisme, de non-discrimination et de justice. L'équité incarne un idéal d'égalité de traitement entre des individus ou entre groupes d'individus. C'est ce que l'on appelle généralement l'équité "substantive". Mais l'équité englobe également une perspective procédurale, à savoir la la capacité de demander et d'obtenir réparation lorsque les droits et libertés individuels sont violés. @fr

DefFalseNegative01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Déclaration erronée d'un échec alors qu'il s'agit en réalité d'une réussite. @fr
has text: Incorrect reporting of a failure when in reality it is a pass

DefFalsePositive01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Déclaration erronée d'une réussite alors qu'il s'agit en réalité d'un échec. @fr
has text: Incorrect reporting of a pass when in reality it is a failure.

DefFeatureEngineering01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Activity in machine learning in which those attributes in the raw data that best represent the underlying relationships that should appear in the model are identified for use in the training data.
has text: Activité d'apprentissage automatique dans laquelle les attributs des données brutes qui représentent le mieux les relations sous-jacentes qui devraient apparaître dans le modèle sont identifiés pour être utilisés dans les données d'entraînement. @fr

DefFunctionalFailure01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl02
has text: Absence de risque déraisonnable dû à des dangers causés par un mauvais fonctionnement des systèmes E/E [Electroniques / Electriques]. @fr
has text: Absence of unreasonable risk due to hazards caused by malfunctioning behaviour of E/E [Eletrical / Electronic] systems.

DefFundamentalRights01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: Human rights enshrined in the EU Treaties, the Charter of Fundamental Rights (the Charter), and international human rights Law.
has text: Les droits de l'homme consacrés par les traités de l'UE, la Charte des droits fondamentaux (la Charte) et le droit international en matière de droits de l'homme. @fr

DefGenerativeAdversarialNetworks01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A type of construct in neural network technology that is composed of two neural networks: a generative network, that generates samples, and a discriminative network, that tries to detect whether a sample is real or the result of the generator.
has text: Un type de construction de réseau neuronal qui est composé de deux réseaux neuronaux : un réseau génératif, qui génère des échantillons, et un réseau discriminatif, qui tente de détecter si un échantillon est réel ou le résultat du générateur. @fr

DefGeneticAlgorithm01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Algorithm which simulates natural selection by creating and evolving a population of individuals (solutions) for optimization problems.
has text: Algorithme qui simule la sélection naturelle en créant et en faisant évoluer une population d'individus (solutions) pour des problèmes d'optimisation. @fr

DefGoalStructuringNotation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Graphical argumentation notation that can be used to document explicitly the individual elements of any argument (claims, evidence and contextual information) and, perhaps more significantly, the relationships that exist between these elements
has text: Une notation graphique de l'argumentation qui peut être utilisée pour documenter explicitement les éléments individuels de tout argument (affirmations, preuves et informations contextuelles) et, peut-être de manière plus significative, les relations qui existent entre ces éléments. @fr

DefGovernance01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: System of directing and controlling.
has text: Système de direction et de contrôle. @fr

DefGrity01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: System which, given a particular set of inputs and starting state, will always produce the same set of outputs and final state.
has text: Système qui, étant donné un ensemble particulier d'entrées et un état de départ, produira toujours le même ensemble de sorties et le même état final. @fr

DefHarm01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSafetyAspe01
has text: Blessure physique ou atteinte à la santé des personnes, ou atteinte aux biens ou à l'environnement. @fr
has text: Injury or damage to the health of people or damage to property or the environment.

DefHazard01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSafetyAspe01
has text: Potential source of harm.
has text: Source potentielle de dommage. @fr

DefHeuristicMethod01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Any exploratory method of solving problems in which an evaluation is made of the progress towards an acceptable final result using a series of approximate results, for example by a process of guided trial and error.
has text: Méthode de résolution de problèmes consistant en une suite d'essais donnant des résultats approchés, avec contrôle de la progression vers un résultat final acceptable, par exemple la méthode par approximations successives. @fr

DefHeuristicRule01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Ad hoc rule written to formalize the knowledge and experience an expert uses to solve a problem.
has text: Règle ad hoc permettant de formaliser les connaissances et l'expérience auxquelles un expert fait appel pour résoudre un problème. @fr

DefHeuristicSearch01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Recherche basée sur l'expérience et le jugement, utilisée pour obtenir des résultats acceptables sans garantie de succès. @fr
has text: Search, based on experience and judgment, used to obtain acceptable results without guarantee of success.

DefHierarchicalPlanning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Planification qui consiste à préciser les détails d'un plan en le décomposant en sous-plans représentés hiérarchiquement. @fr
has text: Planning that refines the vague parts of a plan into more detailed subplans by generating a hierarchical representation of it.

DefHighRiskAISystem01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: AI systems that create a high risk to the health and safety or fundamental rights of natural persons.
has text: Systèmes d’IA qui présentent un risque élevé pour la santé, la sécurité ou les droits fondamentaux des personnes physiques. @fr

DefHumanFactors01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: External environmental, organisational, and job factors which influence behaviour, physical or cognitive characteristics, or social behaviour, of a person. Human factors can have a significant influence on the interaction within, and the functioning of, management systems.
has text: Facteurs externes d'environnement, d'organisation et de travail qui influencent le comportement, les caractéristiques physiques ou cognitives, ou le comportement social d'une personne. Les facteurs humains peuvent avoir une influence significative sur l'interaction au sein des systèmes de gestion et sur leur fonctionnement. @fr

DefHumanInCommand01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: Il s'agit de la capacité à superviser l'activité globale du système d'IA (y compris son impact économique, sociétal, juridique et éthique plus large) et de la capacité à décider quand et comment utiliser le système d'IA dans une situation donnée. @fr
has text: Refers to the capability to oversee the overall activity of the AI system (including its broader economic, societal, legal and ethical impact) and the ability to decide when and how to use the AI system in any particular situation.

DefHumanInTheLoop01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: Il s'agit de la capacité d'intervention humaine dans chaque cycle de décision du système. @fr
has text: Refers to the capability for human intervention in every decision cycle of the system.

DefHumanMachineTeaming01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A purposeful combination of human and cyber-physical elements that collaboratively pursue goals that are unachievable by either individually.
has text: Une combinaison intentionnelle d'entités humaines et cyber-physiques qui poursuivent en collaboration des objectifs impossibles à atteindre par l'un ou l'autre individuellement. @fr

DefHumanMachineTeaming02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Integration of human interaction with machine intelligence capabilities.
has text: Intégration de l'interaction humaine avec les capacités d'intelligence de la machine. @fr

DefHumanOnTheLoop01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: Il s'agit de la capacité d'intervention humaine pendant le cycle de conception du système et de surveillance du fonctionnement du système. @fr
has text: Refers to the capability for human intervention during the design cycle of the system and monitoring the system’s operation.

DefHumanSystemIntegration01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: HSI is the interdisciplinary technical and management process for integrating human considerations within and across all system elements.
has text: L'IHS est le processus interdiciplinaire technique et de management pour l'intégration des considérations relatives à l'humain dans et entre les différents éléments du système. @fr

DefHyperparameter01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Paramètres qui sont utilisés pour contrôler le comportement de l'algorithme d'apprentissage (par exemple, le nombre de couches cachées, le taux d'apprentissage, le nombre de neurones par couche). Les valeurs des hyperparamètres ne sont pas adaptées par l'algorithme d'apprentissage. @fr
has text: Settings that are used to control the behavior of the learning algorithm (e.g. number of hidden layers, learning rate, number of neurons per layer). The values of hyperparameters are not adapted by the learning algorithm.

DefIncrementalAcceptance01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcIntegrated01
has text: A process for obtaining credit toward approval and certification by accepting or finding that an IMA module, application, and/or off-aircraft IMA system complies with specific requirements. Credit granted for individual tasks contributes to the overall certification goal. N.B. very domain specific.
has text: Processus permettant d'obtenir un crédit en vue de l'approbation et de la certification en acceptant ou en constatant qu'un module IMA, une application et/ou un système IMA hors aéronef est conforme à des exigences spécifiques. Le crédit accordé pour les tâches individuelles contribue à l'objectif global de certification. N.B. : très spécifique au domaine. @fr

DefIndicator01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Measure that provides an estimate or evaluation.
has text: Mesure qui fournit une estimation ou une évaluation. @fr

DefInference01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Raisonnement qui consiste à dériver une conclusion d'une prémisse connue. @fr
has text: Reasoning by which conclusions are derived from known premises.

DefInferenceEngine01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Component of an expert system that applies principles of reasoning to draw conclusions from representations of information stored in a knowledge base.
has text: Elément d'un système expert qui utilise des méthodes de raisonnement pour tirer des conclusions à partir des représentations d'informations stockées dans une base de connaissances. @fr

DefInformation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcQualityMan02
has text: Données porteuses de sens. [où data signifie : "éléments factuels concernant un objet"] @fr
has text: Meaningful data. [data being "facts about an object"]

DefInformation02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Information represents the properties of objects and events, but in a more compact and useful form. The difference between data and information is functional, not structural. Information can be represented as descriptions, answers to questions that begin with such words as who, what, when, where, and how many.
has text: Les informations représentent les propriétés des objets et des événements, mais sous une forme plus compacte et plus utile. La différence entre les données et les informations est fonctionnelle et non structurelle. Les informations peuvent être représentées sous forme de descriptions, de réponses à des questions qui commencent par des mots tels que qui, quoi, quand, où et combien. @fr

DefInformation03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Connaissance concernant un objet tel qu'un fait, un événement, une chose, un processus ou une idée, y compris une notion, et qui, dans un contexte déterminé, a une signification particulière. @fr
has text: Knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning.

DefInformation04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Connaissance qui réduit ou supprime l'incertitude concernant la réalisation d'un événement particulier appartenant à un ensemble déterminé d'événements possibles. En théorie de l'information, le mot «événement» a le sens qu'il prend dans le calcul des probabilités. Un événement peut être, par exemple : la présence d'un élément donné d'un ensemble; l'existence d'un caractère particulier, ou d'un mot particulier, dans un message déterminé ou dans une position déterminée d'un message; n'importe lequel des résultats possibles d'une expérience. @fr
has text: Knowledge which reduces or removes uncertainty about the occurrence of a specific event from a given set of possible events. In information theory, the concept "event" is to be understood as used in the theory of probability. For instance, an event may be: the presence of a specific element in a given set of elements; the occurrence of a specific character or word in a given message or in a given position of a message; any one of the distinct results an experiment may yield.

DefInformationAnalysis01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Etude systématique des informations et de leur flux, au sein d'un système existant ou projeté. @fr
has text: Systematic investigation of information and its flow in a real or planned system.

DefInstantiation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Remplacement d'une variable par une valeur ou création d'un exemple à partir d'une classe. Exemple : Un malade particulier est une instanciation de l'objet générique «patient». Dans un système à base de règles, l'instanciation résulte de l'appariement réussi d'une règle au contenu de la base de connaissances. @fr
has text: Substitution of a value for a variable, or creation of an example from a class. Example: A specific sick person is an instantiation of the generic object "patient". In a rule-based system, an instantiation is the result of successfully matching a rule against the contents of the knowledge base.

DefIntegrity01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Property of accuracy and completeness.
has text: Propriété d'exactitude et de complétude. @fr

DefIntegrityLevel01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Valeur représentant les caractéristiques propres au projet, telles que la complexité, la criticité, le risque, le niveau de sûreté, le niveau de sécurité, les performances souhaitées et la fiabilité, qui définissent l'importance du système, du logiciel ou du matériel pour l'utilisateur. @fr
has text: Value representing project-unique characteristic, such as complexity, criticality, risk, safety level, security level, desired performance, and reliability, that define the importance of the system, software, or hardware to the user.

DefIntegrityLevel02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Degree to which software complies or must comply with a set of stakeholder-selected software and/or software-based system characteristics defined to reflect the importance of the software to its stakeholders.
has text: Degré auquel le logiciel se conforme ou doit se conformer à un ensemble de caractéristiques du logiciel et/ou du système à base de logiciel sélectionnées par les parties prenantes et définies pour refléter l'importance du logiciel pour ces dernières. @fr

DefIntegrityLevel03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Symbolic value representing a degree of compliance within an integrity level scheme.
has text: Valeur symbolique représentant un degré de conformité dans un schéma de niveau d'intégrité. @fr

DefIntegrityLevel04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Claim of a system, product, or element that includes limitations on a property's values, the claim's scope of applicability, and the allowable uncertainty regarding the claim's achievement.
has text: Revendication d'un système, d'un produit ou d'un élément qui comprend des limitations sur les valeurs d'une propriété, le champ d'application de la revendication et l'incertitude permise concernant la réalisation de la revendication. @fr

DefIntegrityLevel05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Degré de confiance requis pour que le système d'intérêt réponde à la revendication de niveau d'intégrité associée. @fr
has text: Required degree of confidence that the system-of-interest meets the associated integrity level claim.

DefIntelligence01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La capacité d'apprendre, de comprendre et de trouver des solutions à des problèmes dans un domaine spécifique. @fr
has text: The capability of learning, understanding and finding solutions for problems in a specific domain.

DefIntendedBehaviour01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl03
has text: Comportement spécifié de la fonctionnalité attendu, y compris l'interaction avec les éléments. @fr
has text: Specified behaviour of the intended functionality including interaction with items.

DefIntendedFunctionality01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl03
has text: Behaviour specified for a system.
has text: Comportement spécifié pour un système. @fr

DefInterpretability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La capacité d'expliquer ou de fournir le sens en termes compréhensibles à un humain. @fr
has text: The ability to explain or to provide the meaning in understandable terms to a human.

DefKnowledgeAcquisition01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Process of locating, collecting, and refining knowledge and converting it into a form that can be further processed by a knowledge-based system. Knowledge acquisition normally implies the intervention of a knowledge engineer, but it is also an important component of machine learning.
has text: Processus consistant à repérer, recueillir et structurer des connaissances en vue de les rendre utilisables par un système à base de connaissances. L'acquisition des connaissances suppose normalement l'intervention d'un cogniticien, mais représente aussi une composante importante de l'apprentissage automatique. @fr

DefKnowledgeBase01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Base de données contenant des règles d'inférence et des informations relatives à l'expérience et la compétence humaines dans un domaine particulier. Dans les systèmes autodidactes, la base de connaissances contient aussi des informations provenant de la résolution de problèmes antérieurs. @fr
has text: Database that contains inference rules and information about human experience and expertise in a domain. In self-improving systems, the knowledge base additionally contains information resulting from the solution of previously encountered problems.

DefKnowledgeBasedMethods01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Knowledge-based methods are based on ontologies and huge databases of notions, information, and rules.
has text: Les méthodes fondées sur la connaissance reposent sur des ontologies et d'énormes bases de données de notions, d'informations et de règles. @fr

DefKnowledgeBasedSystem01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Information processing system that provides for solving problems in a particular domain or application area by drawing inferences from a knowledge base. The term "knowledge-based system" is sometimes used synonymously with "expert system", which is usually restricted to expert knowledge. Some knowledge-based systems have learning capabilities.
has text: Système de traitement de l'information qui aide à résoudre les problèmes dans un domaine d'application particulier en faisant des inférences à partir d'une base de connaissances. Le terme «système à base de connaissances» est parfois utilisé comme synonyme de «système expert», qui est normalement restreint aux connaissances d'experts. Certains systèmes à base de connaissances sont capables d'apprentissage. @fr

DefKnowledgeEngineering01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Discipline concerned with acquiring knowledge from domain experts and other knowledge sources and incorporating it into a knowledge base. The term "knowledge engineering" sometimes refers particularly to the art of designing, building, and maintaining expert systems and other knowledge-based systems.
has text: Discipline consacrée à l'acquisition des connaissances auprès d'experts ou d'autres sources de connaissances et à leur intégration dans une base de connaissances. Plus généralement, le terme «génie cognitif» peut désigner l'art de concevoir, de construire et d'assurer la maintenance des systèmes experts ou d'autres systèmes à base de connaissances. @fr

DefKnowledgeGraph01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Knowledge graphs are large networks of entities, their semantic types, properties, and relationships between entities.
has text: Les graphes de connaissances sont de grands réseaux d'entités, de leurs types sémantiques, de leurs propriétés et des relations entre les entités. @fr

DefKnowledgeRepresentation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Process or result of encoding and storing knowledge in a knowledge base
has text: Processus consistant à coder et à stocker des connaissances dans une base de connaissances, ou résultat de ce processus. @fr

DefLabel01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Identificateur associé à un ensemble d'éléments de données. @fr
has text: Identifier that is attached to a set of data elements.

DefLearning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'apprentissage représente l'accroissement des connaissances par l'expérience. @fr
has text: Learning indicates incrementation of knowledge through experience.

DefLearning02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Process by which a biological or an automatic system gains knowledge or skills that it may use to improve its performance.
has text: Processus par lequel un système vivant ou automatique acquiert des connaissances ou des aptitudes qu'il peut utiliser pour améliorer ses performances. @fr

DefLearning03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Process by which a neural network improves its performance by adjustment of its parameters in response to a succession of input patterns. In general, learning consists in connection weights adjustment.
has text: Processus par lequel un réseau neuronal améliore son mode de fonctionnement par ajustement de ses paramètres en réponse à une suite de formes d'entrée. En général, l'apprentissage consiste à ajuster les poids synaptiques. @fr

DefLearningByAnalogy01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Learning strategy that combines inductive learning and deductive learning so that inductions determine the common characteristics of concepts being compared or associated, and deductions derive from these characteristics the features expected of the concept being learned. Learning by analogy requires the ability to recognize the similarity between two problems and to use rules developed in one problem space in order to solve a problem in another problem space.
has text: Stratégie d'apprentissage, à la fois inductive et déductive, qui fait appel à l'induction pour déterminer les caractéristiques communes des concepts comparés ou associés, et à la déduction pour dériver de ces caractéristiques les traits distinctifs d'un concept à apprendre. L'apprentissage par analogie requiert l'aptitude à reconnaître la similitude entre deux problèmes et à appliquer les règles élaborées pour un espace de problème à un autre espace de problème. @fr

DefLevelOfRisk01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Importance d'un risque exprimée en termes de combinaison des conséquences et de leur vraisemblance. @fr
has text: Magnitude of a risk expressed in terms of the combination of consequences and their likelihood.

DefLifeCycle01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: L'évolution d'un système, d'un produit, d'un service, d'un projet ou de toute autre entité créée par l'homme, de sa conception à son retrait. Un cycle de vie peut être décrit à l'aide d'un modèle fonctionnel abstrait qui représente la conceptualisation d'un besoin pour le système, sa réalisation, son utilisation, son évolution et son élimination. @fr
has text: The evolution of a system, product, service, project or other human-made entity from conception through retirement. A life cycle can be described using an abstract functional model that represents the conceptualization of a need for the system, its realization, utilization, evolution and disposal.

DefLifeCycle02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Evolution of a system, product, service, project or other human-made entity, from conception through retirement.
has text: Évolution d'un système, d'un produit, d'un service, d'un projet ou de toute autre entité créée par l'homme, depuis sa conception jusqu'à son retrait. @fr

DefLikelihood01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRiskManage01
has text: Chance of something happening. Note 1 to entry: In risk management terminology, the word “likelihood” is used to refer to the chance of something happening, whether defined, measured or determined objectively or subjectively, qualitatively or quantitatively, and described using general terms or mathematically [such as a probability (3.6.1.4) or a frequency (3.6.1.5) over a given time period]. Note 2 to entry: The English term “likelihood” does not have a direct equivalent in some languages; instead, the equivalent of the term “probability” is often used. However, in English, “probability” is often narrowly interpreted as a mathematical term. Therefore, in risk management terminology, “likelihood” is used with the intent that it should have the same broad interpretation as the term “probability” has in many languages other than English.
has text: Possibilité que quelque chose se produise. Note 1 à l’article: Dans la terminologie du management du risque, le mot «vraisemblance» est utilisé pour indiquer la possibilité que quelque chose se produise, que cette possibilité soit définie, mesurée ou déterminée de façon objective ou subjective, qualitative ou quantitative, et qu'elle soit décrite au moyen de termes généraux ou mathématiques [telles une probabilité (3.6.1.4) ou une fréquence (3.6.1.5) sur une période donnée]. Note 2 à l’article: Le terme anglais «likelihood» (vraisemblance) n'a pas d'équivalent direct dans certaines langues et c'est souvent l'équivalent du terme «probability» (probabilité) qui est utilisé à la place. En anglais, cependant, le terme «probability» (probabilité) est souvent limité à son interprétation mathématique. Par conséquent, dans la terminologie du management du risque, le terme «vraisemblance» est utilisé avec l'intention qu'il fasse l'objet d'une interprétation aussi large que celle dont bénéficie le terme «probability» (probabilité) dans de nombreuses langues autres que l'anglais. @fr

DefLogicBasedMethods01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Les méthodes basées sur la logique consistent en une logique parmi plusieurs. Elles sont souvent utilisées dans le cadre de la résolution de problèmes. @fr
has text: Logic-based methods consist of one out of several logics. They are often used in case of problem-solving.

DefMachineLearning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'apprentissage automatique est une branche de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) [...] qui fait référence à la détection automatisée de modèles significatifs dans les données. [Il couvre] un ensemble de techniques qui peuvent "apprendre" à partir de l'expérience (données d'entrée). @fr
has text: Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) […] which refers to automated detection of meaningful patterns in data. [It covers] a set of techniques that can “learn” from experience (input data).

DefMachineLearning02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: By learning, we refer to the ability of systems to automatically learn, decide, predict, adapt and react to changes, improving from experience, without being explicitly programmed. ML is widely included in the vast majority of efforts to identify AI categories, as the basic algorithmic approach to achieve AI regardless the type of learning, namely reinforcement, supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised.
has text: Par apprentissage, nous entendons la capacité des systèmes à apprendre, décider, prédire, s'adapter et réagir automatiquement aux changements, en s'améliorant grâce à l'expérience, sans être explicitement programmés. Le ML est largement inclus dans la grande majorité des efforts visant à identifier les catégories d'IA, en tant qu'approche algorithmique de base pour atteindre l'IA, quel que soit le type d'apprentissage, à savoir renforcement, supervisé, semi-supervisé, non supervisé. @fr

DefMachineLearning03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Process by which a functional unit improves its performance by acquiring new knowledge or skills, or by reorganizing existing knowledge or skills.
has text: Processus par lequel une unité fonctionnelle améliore son mode de fonctionnement par acquisition des connaissances et des aptitudes nouvelles, ou par réorganisation des connaissances et des aptitudes existantes. @fr

DefMachineLearningModel01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Construction mathématique qui génère une inférence ou une prédiction, sur la base de données d'entrée. @fr
has text: Mathematical construct that generates an inference or prediction, based on input data.

DefMaintenability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Ability of extending/improving a given system while maintaining its compliance with the unchanged requirements..
has text: Capacité à étendre/améliorer un système donné tout en maintenant sa conformité aux exigences inchangées... @fr

DefMeasureOfEffectiveness01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Les mesures "opérationnelles" du succès qui sont étroitement liées à la réalisation de la mission ou de l'objectif opérationnel évalué, dans l'environnement opérationnel prévu et dans un ensemble de conditions spécifiées ; c'est-à-dire la mesure dans laquelle la solution atteint l'objectif visé. @fr
has text: The “operational” measures of success that are closely related to the achievement of the mission or operational objective being evaluated, in the intended operational environment under a specified set of conditions; i.e., how well the solution achieves the intended purpose.

DefMeasureOfPerformance01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Les mesures qui caractérisent les attributs physiques ou fonctionnels relatifs au fonctionnement du système, mesurés ou estimés dans des conditions d'environnement d'essai et/ou opérationnel spécifiées. @fr
has text: The measures that characterize physical or functional attributes relating to the system operation, measured or estimated under specified testing and/or operational environment conditions.

DefMisuse01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl03
has text: Usage of the system by a human in a way not intended by the manufacturer of the system.
has text: Utilisation du système par une personne d'une manière non prévue par le fabricant du système. @fr

DefModel01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcMDAFoundat01
has text: A selective representation of some system whose form and content are chosen based on a specific set of concerns. The model is related to the system by an explicit or implicit mapping.
has text: Une représentation sélective d'un certain système dont la forme et le contenu sont choisis en fonction d'un ensemble spécifique de préoccupations. Le modèle est lié au système par une correspondance explicite ou implicite. @fr

DefModel02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process.
has text: Une représentation physique, mathématique ou logique d'un système, d'une entité, d'un phénomène ou d'un processus. @fr

DefModel03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A representation of one or more concepts that may be realized in the physical world.
has text: Une représentation d'un ou plusieurs concepts qui peuvent être réalisés dans le monde physique. @fr

DefModel04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A simplified representation of a system at some particular point in time or space intended to promote understanding of the real system.
has text: Une abstraction d'un système, visant à comprendre, communiquer, expliquer ou concevoir des aspects intéressants de ce système. @fr

DefModel05
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcMODELBASED01
has text: Abstract representation of a given set of aspects of a system/subsystem.
has text: Représentation abstraite d'un ensemble donné d'aspects d'un système/sous-système. @fr

DefMonitor01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A monitor is a device that reads a finite trace and yield a certain verdict.
has text: Un moniteur est un appareil qui lit une trace finie et donne un certain verdict. @fr

DefNaturalLanguageProcessing01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Le NLP, en tant que tâche principale de la communication, fait référence à la capacité de la machine à identifier, traiter, comprendre et/ou générer des informations dans les communications humaines écrites et orales. Il est considéré comme un sous-domaine de l'IA par plusieurs stratégies nationales et experts en IA, englobant des applications telles que la génération de texte, l'exploration de texte, la classification et la traduction automatique. @fr
has text: NLP, as the main task of communication, refers to the machine’s ability to identify, process, understand and/or generate information in written and spoken human communications. It is considered as an AI subdomain from several national strategies and AI experts, encompassing applications such as text generation, text mining, classification, and machine translation

DefNeuralNetwork01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcArtificial01
has text: Network of primitive processing elements connected by weighted links with adjustable weights, in which each element produces a value by applying a non-linear function to its input values, and transmits it to other elements or presents it as an output value.
has text: Réseau d'éléments de traitement primitifs reliés par des liens pondérés avec des poids ajustables, dans lequel chaque élément produit une valeur en appliquant une fonction non linéaire à ses valeurs d'entrée, et la transmet à d'autres éléments ou la présente comme une valeur de sortie. @fr

DefObjectAndEventDetectionAndResponse01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Detection by the driver or Higly Automated Vehicle (HAV) system of any circumstance that is relevant to the immediate driving task, as well as the implementation of the appropriate driver or HAV system response to such circumstance. For purposes of this Guidance, the HAV system is responsible for performing the OEDR while in its ODD and automation is engaged.
has text: La détection par le conducteur ou le système de véhicule hautement automatisé (VHA) de toute circonstance pertinente pour la tâche de conduite immédiate, ainsi que la mise en œuvre de la réponse appropriée du conducteur ou du système VHA à cette circonstance. Aux fins du présent guide, le système VAH est responsable de l'exécution de l'OEDR lorsqu'il est dans son ODD et que l'automatisation est engagée. @fr

DefOperationalConcept01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Déclaration verbale et graphique des hypothèses ou des intentions d'une organisation concernant une opération ou une série d'opérations d'un système ou d'un ensemble connexe de systèmes. @fr
has text: Verbal and graphic statement of an organization’s assumptions or intent in regard to an operation or series of operations of a system or a related set of systems.

DefOperationalDesignDomain01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Conditions de fonctionnement dans lesquelles un système d'automatisation de la conduite donné ou une de ses caractéristiques est spécifiquement conçu pour fonctionner, y compris, mais sans s'y limiter, les restrictions environnementales, géographiques et temporelles, et/ou la présence ou l'absence requise de certaines caractéristiques du trafic ou de la chaussée. @fr
has text: Operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function, including, but not limited to, environmental, geographical, and time-of-day restrictions, and/or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristic.

DefOverarchingProperties01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Les propriétés générales sont destinées à définir un ensemble suffisant de propriétés pour prendre des décisions d'approbation. En d'autres termes, lorsqu'une approbation est demandée pour l'utilisation d'une entité particulière sur un aéronef, s'il peut être démontré que l'entité possède ces propriétés dans leur intégralité, l'approbation de l'utilisation de cette entité sur un aéronef est appropriée. @fr
has text: The Overarching Properties are intended to define a sufficient set of properties for making approval decisions. That is, when approval is sought for using a particular entity on an aircraft, if the entity can be shown to possess these properties in their entirety, then granting approval for using that entity on an aircraft is appropriate.

DefOverfitting01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Generation of a machine learning model that corresponds too closely to the training data, resulting in a model that finds it difficult to generalize to new data.
has text: Génération d'un modèle d'apprentissage automatique qui correspond trop étroitement aux données d'apprentissage, ce qui se traduit par un modèle qui a du mal à se généraliser à de nouvelles données. @fr

DefPattern01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Ensemble de caractéristiques et de leurs relations servant à reconnaître une entité dans un contexte donné. Ces caractéristiques peuvent appartenir à une figure géométrique, un son, une image, un signal ou un texte. @fr
has text: Set of features and their relationships used to recognize an entity within a given context. These features may include a geometrical shape, a sound, a picture, a signal, or text.

DefPatternRecognition01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Identification, by a functional unit, of physical or abstract patterns, and of structures and configurations.
has text: Identification, par une unité fonctionnelle, de formes physiques ou abstraites, de structures ou de configurations. @fr

DefPerception01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La perception fait référence à la capacité des systèmes à prendre conscience de leur environnement par le biais des sens : vision, audition, manipulation, etc., la vision et l'audition étant les domaines les plus développés en IA. @fr
has text: Perception refers to systems’ ability to become aware of their environment through the senses: vision, hearing, manipulation. etc., being vision and hearing the most developed areas in AI.

DefPerception02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La perception décrit la connaissance de l'environnement par la transformation d'entrées sensorielles brutes en informations techniquement traitables. Les entrées sensorielles peuvent être des images, des vidéos ou des données sonores. @fr
has text: Perception describes knowledge about the environment by transforming raw sensorial inputs into technically processable information. Sensorial inputs can be images, videos, or sound data.

DefPlanning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'objectif principal de la planification automatisée concerne la conception et l'exécution de stratégies (par exemple, un ensemble organisé d'actions) pour mener à bien une certaine activité, et est généralement réalisée par des agents intelligents, des robots autonomes et des véhicules sans pilote. Contrairement aux problèmes classiques de contrôle et de classification, les solutions sont complexes et doivent être découvertes et optimisées dans un espace multidimensionnel. @fr
has text: The main purpose of automated planning concerns the design and execution of strategies (e.g., an organised set of actions) to carry out some activity, and typically performed by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control and classification problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimised in the multidimensional space.

DefPlanning02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La planification est la capacité de fixer et d'atteindre des objectifs. Plus précisément : un état futur spécifique du monde est souhaitable, et les séquences d'actions pour accéder à cet état sont très pertinentes. @fr
has text: Planning is the capability of setting and achieving goals. In more detail: a specific future state of the world is desirable, and the sequences of actions to access this state are highly relevant.

DefPlanning03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Ensemble de décisions relatives à la manière et à l'ordre d'application des actions avant leur commencement, en vue d'arriver au but désiré. La planification vise la réduction du temps de recherche et la conciliation des conflits entre divers buts. @fr
has text: Process of deciding beforehand the manner and order of applying actions in order to reach a desired goal. Planning is performed with a view toward enhancing search efficiency and solving goal conflicts.

DefPlanning04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Computational processes that compose a workflow out of a set of actions, aiming at reaching a specified goal.
has text: Processus informatiques qui composent un flux de travail à partir d'un ensemble d'actions, visant à atteindre un objectif spécifique. @fr

DefPrecision01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Métrique de performance utilisée pour évaluer un classifieur, qui mesure la proportion de positifs prédits qui étaient corrects. @fr
has text: Performance metric used to evaluate a classifier, which measures the proportion of predicted positives that were correct.

DefPrediction01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Fonction d'apprentissage automatique qui aboutit à une valeur cible prédite pour une entrée donnée. @fr
has text: Machine learning function that results in a predicted target value for a given input.

DefPredictiveAnalytics01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'analyse prescriptive utilise des algorithmes d'optimisation et de simulation tels que l'IA basée sur la connaissance pour donner des conseils sur les résultats possibles et répondre à la question suivante : "Que devons-nous faire ?" @fr
has text: Prescriptive Analytics use optimization and simulation algorithms such as knowledge based AI to advise on possible outcomes and answer: “What should we do?”

DefPrescriptiveAnalytics01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: L'analyse prédictive utilise des modèles statistiques et des techniques de prévision comme l'apprentissage pour comprendre l'avenir et répondre à la question suivante : "Que pourrait-il se passer ?" @fr
has text: Predictive Analytics use statistical models and forecasting techniques such as ML to understand the future and answer: “What could happen?”

DefPrivacy01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Freedom from intrusion into the private life or affairs of an individual when that intrusion results from undue or illegal gathering and use of data about that individual.
has text: Garantie de l'absence d'intrusion dans la vie privée ou les affaires d'un individu dans la mesure où cette intrusion résulte de la collecte et de l'utilisation illégales et non fondées de données relatives à cet individu. @fr

DefProbabilisticMethods01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Les méthodes probabilistes permettent d'agir dans des scénarios à information incomplète. @fr
has text: Probabilistic methods allow acting in incomplete information scenarios.

DefProcess01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcQualityMan02
has text: Ensemble d'activités corrélées ou en interaction qui utilise des éléments d'entrée pour produire un résultat escompté. @fr
has text: Set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an ntended result.

DefProductionRule01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: If-Then rule for representing knowledge in a rule-based system.
has text: Règle conditionnelle servant à la représentation des connaissances dans un système à base de règles. @fr

DefQuality01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcHealthInfo01
has text: Degree to which all the properties and characteristics of a product, process or service satisfy the requirements which ensue from the purpose for which that product, process or service is to be used.
has text: Mesure dans laquelle l'ensemble des propriétés et des caractéristiques d'un produit, d'un processus ou d'un service satisfait aux exigences qui découlent de la finalité pour laquelle ce produit, ce processus ou ce service doit être utilisé. @fr

DefQualityAssurance01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled.
has text: Partie de la gestion de la qualité axée visant à donner l'assurance que les exigences de qualité seront satisfaites. @fr

DefQualityAssurance02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Ensemble des activités, tout au long du cycle de vie du projet, nécessaires pour donner une confiance suffisante dans le fait qu'un produit ou un service est conforme aux exigences des parties prenantes ou qu'un processus respecte la méthodologie établie. Les synonymes potentiels sont : assurance, assurance produit, assurance développement, assurance conception. Notions connexes : - Assurance sécurité (assurance qualité dans le domaine de la sécurité) - Contrôle de la qualité (inspection contribuant à l'assurance de la qualité) @fr
has text: Set of activities throughout the entire project life cycle necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service conforms to stakeholder requirements or that a process adheres to established methodology. Potential synonyms are: Assurance, Product Assurance, Development Assurance, Design Assurance. Related notions: - Safety Assurance (Quality Assurance in the scope of safety) - Quality Control (Inspection contributing to Quality Assurance)

DefQualityCharacteristic01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Caractéristique inhérente d'un produit, d'un processus ou d'un système liée à une exigence. @fr
has text: Inherent characteristic of a product, process, or system related to a requirement.

DefQualityManagement01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Activités coordonnées pour diriger et contrôler une organisation en matière de qualité. @fr
has text: Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to quality.

DefReasoning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Le domaine du raisonnement s'attaque à la manière dont les machines transforment les données en connaissances, ou infèrent des faits à partir de données. Plusieurs classifications abordent la représentation des connaissances et le raisonnement automatisé comme un domaine de l'IA, pour décrire le processus de justification (raisonnement) des données et des informations disponibles, fournir des solutions et les représenter efficacement, sur la base d'un ensemble de règles symboliques. @fr
has text: The domain of reasoning tackles the way machines transform data into knowledge, or infer facts from data. Several classifications address knowledge representation and automated reasoning as a field of AI, to describe the process of justifying (reasoning) the available data and information, provide solutions and represent them efficiently, based on a set of symbolic rules

DefRecurrentNeuralNetworks01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A type of ANN that involves directed cycles in memory. One aspect of recurrent neural networks is the ability to build on earlier types of networks with fixed-size input vectors and output vectors, which make them well suited to operational applications, such as a self-driving car or self-flying airplane.
has text: Un type de réseau neuronal avancé qui implique des cycles orientés en mémoire. L'un des aspects des réseaux neuronaux récurrents est la possibilité de s'appuyer sur des types de réseaux antérieurs avec des vecteurs d'entrée et des vecteurs de sortie de taille fixe, ce qui les rend bien adaptés aux applications opérationnelles, comme une voiture à conduite autonome ou un avion à vol autonome. @fr

DefReinforcementLearning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSoftwareAn01
has text: Task of building a machine learning model using a process of trial and reward to achieve an objective. A reinforcement learning task can include the training of a ML model in a way similar to supervised learning plus training on unlabelled inputs gathered during the operation phase of the AI system. Each time the model makes a prediction, a reward is calculated, and further trials are run to optimize the reward.
has text: Tâche consistant à construire un modèle d'apprentissage automatique en utilisant un processus d'essai et de récompense pour atteindre un objectif. Une tâche d'apprentissage par renforcement peut inclure l'entraînement d'un modèle d'apprentissage automatique d'une manière similaire à l'apprentissage supervisé, plus un entraînement sur des entrées non étiquetées recueillies pendant la phase de fonctionnement du système d'IA. Chaque fois que le modèle fait une prédiction, une récompense est calculée et d'autres essais sont effectués pour optimiser la récompense. @fr

DefReliability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Property of consistent intended behaviour and results.
has text: Propriété relative à un comportement et à des résultats prévus et cohérents. @fr

DefRequirement01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Déclaration qui traduit ou exprime un besoin et les contraintes et conditions qui y sont associées. @fr
has text: Statement that translates or expresses a need and its associated constraints and conditions.

DefResilience01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Ability for a system to continue to operate while an error or a fault has occurred
has text: Capacité d'un système à continuer à fonctionner alors qu'une erreur ou un défaut s'est produit. @fr

DefResilience02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: Robustesse face aux changements. @fr
has text: Robustness when facing changes.

DefResponsibility01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Obligation d'agir et de prendre des décisions pour atteindre les résultats requis. @fr
has text: Obligation to act and take decisions to achieve required outcomes.

DefRestrictedOperationDomain01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Les conditions spécifiques dans lesquelles un système d'automatisation de la conduite donné ou une de ses caractéristiques est actuellement capable de fonctionner, y compris, mais sans s'y limiter, les modes de conduite. @fr
has text: The specific conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is currently able to function, including, but not limited to, driving modes.

DefRisk01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRailwayApp02
has text: Le taux probable d'occurrence d'un danger causant un dommage et le degré de gravité de ce dommage. @fr
has text: The probable rate of occurrence of a hazard causing harm and the degree of severity of the harm.

DefRisk02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcUKMinistry01
has text: Combinaison de la vraisemblance d'un préjudice et de la gravité de ce préjudice ou des dommages à long terme pour la santé. @fr
has text: Combination of the likelihood of harm and the severity of that harm or long term damage to health.

DefRisk03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcStandardFo01
has text: A combination of the probability of occurrence of a loss event and the severity of that loss event.
has text: Une combinaison de la probabilité d'occurrence d'un événement de perte et de la gravité de cet événement de perte. @fr

DefRisk04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Effect of uncertainty on objectives. Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected — positive or negative. Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood. Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential “events” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.5.1.3) and “consequences” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.3), or a combination of these. Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the associated “likelihood” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.1) of occurrence. Note 5 to entry: In the context of information security management systems, information security risks can be expressed as effect of uncertainty on information security objectives. Note 6 to entry: Information security risk is associated with the potential that threats will exploit vulnerabilities of an information asset or group of information assets and thereby cause harm to an organization.
has text: Effet de l'incertitude sur les objectifs. Note 1 à l'article : Un effet est un écart, positif ou négatif, par rapport à une attente. Note 2 à l'article : L'incertitude est l'état, même partiel, de défaut d'information concernant la compréhension ou la connaissance d'un événement, de ses conséquences ou de sa vraisemblance. Note 3 à l'article : Un risque est souvent caractérisé en référence à des "événements" potentiels (tels que définis dans le Guide ISO 73:2009, 3.5.1.3) et des "conséquences" potentielles (telles que définies dans le Guide ISO 73:2009, 3.6.1.3), ou à une combinaison des deux. Note 4 à l'article : Un risque est souvent exprimé en termes de combinaison des conséquences d'un événement (incluant des changements de circonstances) et de sa "vraisemblance" (telle que définie dans le Guide ISO 73:2009, 3.6.11). Note 5 à l'article : Dans le contexte des systèmes de management de la sécurité de l'information, les risques liés à la sécurité de l'information peuvent être exprimés comme l'éeffet de l'incertitude sur les objectifs de sécurité de l'information. Note 6 à l'article : Le risque lié à la sécurité de l'information est associé à la possibilité que des menaces exploitent les vulnérabilités d'un actif ou d'un groupe d'actifs informationnels et nuisent donc à un organisme. @fr

DefRiskAssessment01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Ensemble du processus d'identification du risque, d'analyse du risque et d'évaluation du risque. @fr
has text: Overall process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation.

DefRiskManagementProcess01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRiskManage01
has text: Application systématique de politiques, procédures et pratiques de management aux activités de communication, de concertation, d'établissement du contexte, ainsi qu'aux activités d'identification, d'analyse, d'évaluation, de traitement, de surveillance et de revue des risques. @fr
has text: Systematic application of management policies, procedures and practices to the activities of communicating, consulting, establishing the context, and identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring and reviewing risk.

DefRiskMitigation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSecurityAn01
has text: Amoindrissement ou minimalisation des impacts négatifs d’un événement dangereux. @fr
has text: Lessening or minimizing of the adverse impacts of a hazardous event.

DefRobustness01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Ability of a system to maintain its level of performance under a variety of circumstances.
has text: Capacité d'un système à maintenir son niveau de performance dans diverses circonstances. @fr

DefRobustness02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: (Global) Ability of the system to perform the intended function in the presence of abnormal or unknown inputs / (Local) The extent to which the system provides equivalent responses for similar inputs.
has text: (Global) Capacité du système à réaliser la fonction prévue en présence d'entrées anormales ou inconnues / (Local) Mesure dans laquelle le système fournit des réponses équivalentes pour des entrées similaires. @fr

DefRuntimeMonitor01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Le contrôle d'exécution est une technique de vérification légère et dynamique qui consiste à observer les opérations internes d'un système logiciel et/ou ses interactions avec d'autres entités externes, dans le but de déterminer si le système satisfait ou viole une spécification de justesse. @fr
has text: Runtime Monitoring is a lightweight and dynamic verification technique that involves observing the internal operations of a software system and/or its interactions with other external entities, with the aim of determining whether the system satisfies or violates a correctness specification.

DefSafety01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Attente selon laquelle un système ne conduit pas, dans des conditions définies, à un état dans lequel la vie humaine, la santé, les biens ou l'environnement sont mis en danger. @fr
has text: Expectation that a system does not, under defined conditions, lead to a state in which human life, health, property, or the environment is endangered.

DefSafety02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: La capacité d'avoir des niveaux de risque acceptables par rapport aux dommages causés aux personnes, aux entreprises, aux logiciels, aux biens ou à l'environnement. @fr
has text: The ability to have acceptable risk levels in relation with damage to people, companies, software, property, or environment.

DefSafety03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRailwayApp04
has text: Freedom from unacceptable risk of harm.
has text: L'absence de risque inacceptable pouvant causer préjudice. @fr

DefSafety04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSafetyAspe01
has text: Absence de risque intolérable. @fr
has text: Freedom from risk which is not tolerable.

DefSafetyNet01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A safety net is a set of mitigation and protections means aimed at ensuring continuous safe operation in the presence of faults.
has text: Un filet de sécurité est un ensemble de moyens d'atténuation et de protection visant à assurer un fonctionnement sûr et continu en présence de défaillances. @fr

DefSafetyOfTheIntendedFunctionality01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl03
has text: Absence de risque déraisonnable dû à des dangers résultant d'insuffisances fonctionnelles de la fonctionnalité prévue ou d'une mauvaise utilisation raisonnablement prévisible par des personnes. @fr
has text: Absence of unreasonable risk due to hazards resulting from functional insufficiencies of the intended functionality or from reasonably foreseeable misuse by persons.

DefScenario01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl03
has text: Description du développement temporel entre plusieurs scènes dans une séquence de scènes. @fr
has text: Description of the temporal development between several scenes in a sequence of scenes.

DefScene01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl03
has text: Instantané de l'environnement comprenant le décor, les éléments dynamiques et toutes les représentations de soi des acteurs et des observateurs, ainsi que les relations entre ces entités. @fr
has text: Snapshot of the environment including the scenery, dynamic elements, and all actor and observer self representations, and the relationships between those entities.

DefSecurity01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Degree to which a product or system protects information and data so that persons or other products or systems have the degree of data access appropriate to their types and levels of authorization.
has text: Degré auquel un produit ou un système protège les informations et les données de sorte que les personnes ou d'autres produits ou systèmes disposent du degré d'accès aux données correspondant à leurs types et niveaux d'autorisation. @fr

DefSemanticNetwork01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Concept-based knowledge representation in which objects or states appear as nodes connected with links that indicate the relationships between various nodes.
has text: Formalisme de représentation des connaissances à base de concepts dans laquelle les objets ou les états sont représentés par des nœuds reliés par des arcs indiquant leurs relations mutuelles. @fr

DefSituation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl03
has text: Selection of an appropriate behaviour pattern at a particular point of time.
has text: Sélection d'un modèle de comportement approprié à un moment donné. @fr

DefSoftwareEngineering01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Application systématique des connaissances, des méthodes et des acquis scientifiques et techniques pour la conception, le développement, le test et la documentation de logiciel afin d'en optimiser la production, le support et la qualité. @fr
has text: Systematic application of scientific and technological knowledge, methods, and experience to the design, implementation, testing, and documentation of software to optimize its production, support, and quality.

DefSpecifiability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La mesure dans laquelle le système peut être correctement et complètement décrit par une liste d'exigences (telles que des exigences de parties prenantes, des exigences en "boîte noire" ou des exigences en "boîte blanche"). Exigence : un élément identifiable d'une spécification de fonction qui peut être validé et par rapport auquel une mise en œuvre peut être vérifiée. @fr
has text: The extent to which the system can be correctly and completely described through a list of requirements (such as stakeholder requirements, "black box" requirements, or "white box" requirements). Requirement: an identifiable element of a function specification that can be validated and against which an implementation can be verified.

DefStakeholder01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Any individual, group or organization that can affect, be affected by or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity.
has text: Tout individu, groupe ou organisation qui peut affecter, être affecté par ou se percevoir comme étant affecté par une décision ou une activité. @fr

DefSupervisedLearning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Learning strategy in which the correctness of acquired knowledge is tested through feedback from an external knowledge source.
has text: Stratégie d'apprentissage dans laquelle la justesse des connaissances acquises est vérifiée par rétroaction à partir d'une source de connaissances extérieure. @fr

DefSymbolicMethods01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Les méthodes symboliques supposent que le monde ne peut être réduit qu'à des manipulations de symboles. Elles peuvent être subdivisées en deux approches différentes : les méthodes basées sur la logique et les méthodes basées sur la connaissance. @fr
has text: Symbolic methods assume that the world can be reduced to symbol manipulations only. They can be subdivided into two different approaches: logic-based and knowledge-based.

DefSystem01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Combinaison d'éléments en interaction organisés pour atteindre un ou plusieurs objectifs déclarés. Note 1 à l'article : Un système est parfois considéré comme un produit ou comme les services qu'il fournit. @fr
has text: Combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes. Note 1 to entry: A system is sometimes considered as a product or as the services it provides

DefTraceability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcIEEEStanda01
has text: Le degré auquel une relation peut être établie entre deux ou plusieurs produits du processus de développement, en particulier les produits ayant un prédécesseur, un successeur ou une relation maître-subordonné les uns par rapport aux autres ; par exemple, le degré auquel les exigences et la conception d'un composant logiciel donné correspondent. (définition adaptée) @fr
has text: The degree to which a relationship can be established between, two or more products of the development process, especially products having a predecessor, successor, or master-subordinate relationship to one another; for example, the degree to which the requirements and design of a given software component match. (adapted definition)

DefTraceability02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcIEEEStanda01
has text: Le degré auquel chaque élément d'un produit de développement logiciel établit sa raison d'être ; par exemple, le degré auquel chaque élément d'un diagramme à bulles fait référence à l'exigence qu'il satisfait. (définition adaptée) @fr
has text: The degree to which each element in a software development product establishes its reason for existing; for example, the degree to which each element in a bubble chart references the requirement that it satisfies. (adapted definition)

DefTransparency01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: <organisme> Propriété d'un organisme selon laquelle les activités et les décisions appropriées sont communiquées aux parties prenantes concernées de manière complète, accessible et compréhensible. <system> Propriété d'un système selon laquelle des informations appropriées sur le système sont communiquées aux parties prenantes concernées. @fr
has text: <organization> Property of an organization that appropriate activities and decisions are communicated to relevant stakeholders in a comprehensive, accessible and understandable manner. <system> Property of a system that appropriate information about the system is communicated to relevant stakeholders.

DefTransparency02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Property of a system or process to imply openness and accountability.
has text: Propriété d'un système ou d'un processus qui implique l'ouverture et l'implicabilité. @fr

DefTransparency03
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: A model is considered to be transparent if by itself it is understandable. Since a model can feature different degrees of understandability, transparent models are divided into three categories: simulatable models, decomposable models and algorithmically transparent models.
has text: Un modèle est considéré comme transparent s'il est compréhensible en soi. Comme un modèle peut présenter différents degrés de compréhensibilité, les modèles transparents sont divisés en trois catégories : les modèles simulables, les modèles décomposables et les modèles algorithmiquement transparents. @fr

DefTransparency04
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Making information about the characteristics of an AI devel oper’s operations or their AI systems available to actors both inside and outside the organization. In recent years, transparency has emerged as a key theme in work on the societal implications of AI.
has text: Mettre à disposition des acteurs internes et externes des informations sur les caractéristiques des opérations d'un développeur d'IA ou de ses systèmes d'IA. Ces dernières années, la transparence est devenue un thème clé dans les travaux sur les implications sociétales de l'IA. @fr

DefTriggeringEvent01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRoadVehicl03
has text: Conditions spécifiques d'un scénario de conduite qui servent d'initiateur à une réaction ultérieure du système pouvant conduire à un événement dangereux. @fr
has text: Specific conditions of a driving scenario that serve as an initiator for a subsequent system reaction possibly leading to a hazardous event.

DefTrust01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd02
has text: Degree to which a user or other stakeholder has confidence that a product or system will behave as intended.
has text: Mesure dans laquelle un utilisateur ou une autre partie prenante a confiance dans le fait qu'un produit ou un système se comportera comme prévu. @fr

DefTrustworthiness01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio01
has text: Ability to meet stakeholders’ expectations in a verifiable way. Note 1 to entry: Depending on the context or sector, and also on the specific product or service, data, and technology used, different characteristics apply and need verification to ensure stakeholders expectations are met. Note 2 to entry: Characteristics of trustworthiness include, for instance, reliability, availability, resilience, security, privacy, safety, accountability, transparency, integrity, authenticity, quality, usability. Note 3 to entry: Trustworthiness is an attribute that can be applied to services, products, technology, data and information as well as, in the context of governance, to organizations.
has text: Capacité à répondre aux attentes des parties prenantes de manière vérifiable. Note 1 à l'entrée : Selon le contexte ou le secteur, et aussi selon le produit ou service spécifique, les données et la technologie utilisés, différentes caractéristiques s'appliquent et doivent être vérifiées pour s'assurer que les attentes des parties prenantes sont satisfaites. Note 2 à l'entrée : Les caractéristiques de la fiabilité comprennent, par exemple, la fiabilité, la disponibilité, la résilience, la sécurité, la confidentialité, la sûreté, la responsabilité, la transparence, l'intégrité, l'authenticité, la qualité, la facilité d'utilisation. Note 3 à l'entrée : La fiabilité est un attribut qui peut être appliqué aux services, produits, technologies, données et informations ainsi que, dans le contexte de la gouvernance, aux organisations. @fr

DefTrustworthiness02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAssessment01
has text: L'IA digne de confiance, telle que définie par le groupe d'experts de haut niveau sur l'IA de l'Union européenne est 1. légale, c'est-à-dire conforme à toutes les lois et réglementations applicables 2. éthique, c'est-à-dire garantissant le respect des principes et des valeurs éthiques 3. robuste, tant d'un point de vue technique que social, car, même avec de bonnes intentions, les systèmes d'IA peuvent causer des dommages involontaires Traduit avec www.DeepL.com/Translator (version gratuite) @fr
has text: Trustworthy AI, as defined by the High level expert group on AI from the European Union is 1. lawful, i.e. complying with all applicable laws and regulations 2. ethical, i.e. ensuring adherence to ethical principles and values 3. robust, both from a technical and social perspective since, even with good intentions, AI systems can cause unintentional harm

DefUncertainty01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Condition appearing when a value cannot be determined during consultation, or a fact or a rule in the knowledge base remains in doubt.
has text: Situation dans laquelle une valeur ne peut être déterminée durant une consultation ou dans laquelle la validité d'un fait ou d'une règle dans la base de connaissances est douteuse. @fr

DefUnderstandability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: La compréhensibilité désigne la caractéristique d'un modèle qui permet à un humain de comprendre sa fonction - comment le modèle fonctionne - sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'expliquer sa structure interne ou les moyens algorithmiques par lesquels le modèle traite les données en interne. @fr
has text: Understandability denotes the characteristic of a model to make a human understand its function – how the model works – without any need for explaining its internal structure or the algorithmic means by which the model processes data internally.

DefUnsupervisedLearning01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio02
has text: Learning strategy that consists in observing and analyzing different entities and determining that some of their subsets can be grouped into certain classes, without any correctness test being performed on acquired knowledge through feedback from external knowledge sources. Once a concept is formed, it is given a name that may be used in subsequent learning of other concepts.
has text: Stratégie d'apprentissage qui procède par observation et analyse d'entités afin d'en déterminer les sous-ensembles regroupables en classes, sans vérifier la justesse des connaissances acquises par rétroaction à partir d'une source de connaissances extérieure. Lorsqu'un concept est formé, on lui donne un nom qui peut être utilisé lors de l'apprentissage ultérieur d'autres concepts. @fr

DefUser01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Individu ou groupe qui interagit avec un système ou qui bénéficie d'un système pendant son utilisation. @fr
has text: Individual or group that interacts with a system or benefits from a system during its utilization.

DefValidation01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAEROSPACER01
has text: La détermination que les exigences pour un produit sont correctes et complètes. ("Est-ce que nous construisons le bon avion / système / fonction / élément ?") @fr
has text: The determination that the requirements for a product are correct and complete. (“Are we building the right aircraft / system / function / item?”)

DefValidation02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Confirmation, par la fourniture de preuves objectives, que les exigences pour une utilisation ou une application spécifique prévue ont été satisfaites (le bon système a été construit). @fr
has text: Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled (the right system was built).

DefValue01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcIndustrial01
has text: Belief(s) an organization adheres to and the standards that it seeks to observe.
has text: Croyances auxquelles une organisation adhère et normes qu'elle cherche à respecter. @fr

DefVerifiability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: ontology#
has text: Ability to evaluate an implementation of requirements to determine that they have been met (adapted from ARP4754A)
has text: Capacité à évaluer une mise en œuvre des exigences afin de déterminer qu'elles ont été satisfaites (d'après ARP4754A) @fr

DefVerification01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcAEROSPACER01
has text: L'évaluation d'une mise en œuvre des exigences pour déterminer si elles ont été satisfaites. ("Avons-nous construit l'appareil / le système / la fonction / l'élément correctement ?") @fr
has text: The evaluation of an implementation of requirements to determine that they have been met. (“Did we build the aircraft / system/ function / item right?”)

DefVerification02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcSystemsAnd01
has text: Confirmation, par la fourniture de preuves objectives, que les exigences spécifiées ont été satisfaites (le système a été construit correctement). @fr
has text: Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled (the system was built right).

DefVulnerability01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcInformatio03
has text: Faille dans un actif ou dans une mesure de sécurité qui peut être exploitée par une ou plusieurs menaces. @fr
has text: Weakness of an asset or control that can be exploited by one or more threats.

DefVulnerability02
type: NamedIndividual
type: Definition
has reference: SrcRiskManage01
has text: Intrinsic properties of something resulting in susceptibility to a risk source that can lead to an event with a consequence.
has text: Propriétés intrinsèques de quelque chose entraînant une sensibilité à une source de risque pouvant induire un événement avec une conséquence. @fr

Dependability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDependability01
has definition: DefDependability02
has theme: Technology
includes: Availability
includes: Maintainability
includes: Reliability
includes: Security
label: Fiabilité @fr

Deployability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Descriptive Analytics
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDescriptiveAnalytics01
label: Analyse descriptive @fr

Design (verb)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDesign01
label: Concevoir @fr

Destroyability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO15288

Directness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Disposability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO15288

Diversity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ALTAI
has theme: Ethics

Domain (artificial intelligence)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDomain01
has definition: DefDomain02
label: Domain (distributed data processing)
label: Domaine (informatique répartie) @fr
label: Domaine (intelligence artificielle) @fr

Domain knowledge
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDomainKnowledge01
label: Connaissance d'un domaine @fr

Domain model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDomainModel01
label: Modèle de domaine @fr

Durability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has theme: Technology

Dynamic Assurance Case
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefDynamicAssuranceCase01
label: Dossier de garantie dynamique @fr

Effectiveness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefEffectiveness01
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology
includes: Functional Appropriateness
includes: Functional Completeness
includes: Functional Correctness
includes: Functional Suitability
label: Efficacité @fr

Efficiency
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefEfficiency01
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has theme: Technology
includes: Capacity
includes: Ressource Utilisation
label: Efficience @fr

Environmental Risk Mitigation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Environmental Well-being
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Ethics
label: Environmental well-being

Error logs
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO25059

Ethical
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefEthical01
label: Ethique @fr

Ethics
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
type: Nature of concerns
includes: Autonomy
includes: Benevolence
includes: Bias Reduction
includes: Care
includes: Diversity
includes: Fairness
includes: Human Agency And Oversight
includes: Inlusiveness
includes: Innovation
includes: Non Discrimination
includes: Perfection
includes: Privacy
includes: Respect For The Rule Of Law
includes: Sustainability
includes: System Integrity
includes: Transperency
includes: Trust

Evaluability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO24028
has theme: Technology

Evolvability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has theme: Technology

Expandability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO29148

Expert system
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefExpertSystem01
label: Système expert @fr

Explainability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefExplainability01
has definition: DefExplainability02
has definition: DefExplainability03
has definition: DefExplainability04
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO24368
has theme: Interactions
includes: Completeness Of Explainability
includes: Fidelity
includes: Interpretability
label: Explicabilité @fr

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefExplainableArtificialIntelligence01
label: Intelligence artificielle explicable @fr

Explanation facility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefExplanationFacility01
label: Module d'explications (justificateur) @fr

Extensibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld

F1-score (F-measure)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefF1Score01
label: Score F1 (F-mesure) @fr

Failure
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefFailure01
label: Défaut @fr

Fairness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefFairness01
has definition: DefFairness02
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO24368
has theme: Ethics
label: Equité @fr

False negative
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefFalseNegative01
label: Faux négatif @fr

False positive
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefFalsePositive01
label: Faux positif @fr

Fault Tolerance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology
label: Fault tolerance

Feature engineering
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefFeatureEngineering01

Fidelity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Interactions

Flexibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has theme: Technology

Freedom from economic risk
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO25010

Freedom From Risk
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology
includes: Environmental Risk Mitigation
includes: Health And Safety Risk Mitigation
label: Freedom from risk

Functional Appropriateness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology
label: Functional appropriateness

Functional Completeness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology
label: Functional completeness

Functional Correctness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has theme: Technology
includes: Correctness
label: Functional correctness

Functional failure
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefFunctionalFailure01
label: Défaut fonctionnel @fr

Functional Suitability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology
label: Functional suitability

Fundamental rights
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefFundamentalRights01
label: Droits fondamentaux @fr

Generative adversarial networks (GANs)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefGenerativeAdversarialNetworks01
label: Réseaux génératifs adverses @fr

Genetic algorithm
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefGeneticAlgorithm01
label: Algorithme génétique @fr

Global Robustness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Goal Structuring Notation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefGoalStructuringNotation01
label: Représentation de structuration des objectifs @fr

Governance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefGovernance01
label: Gouvernance @fr

grity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefGrity01
label: Système déterministe @fr

Haptic comfort
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Harm
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHarm01
label: Dommage @fr

Hazard
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHazard01
label: Danger @fr

Health And Safety Risk Mitigation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Safety
includes: Security

Heuristic method
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHeuristicMethod01
label: Méthode heuristique @fr

Heuristic rule
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHeuristicRule01
label: Règle heuristique @fr

Heuristic Search
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHeuristicSearch01
label: Recherche heuristique @fr

Hierarchical Planning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHierarchicalPlanning01
label: Planification hiérarchique @fr

High-risk AI System
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHighRiskAISystem01
label: Systèmes d'IA à haut risque @fr

Human Agency And Oversight
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics
includes: Community Involvement And Development
includes: Human Control Of Technology
includes: Respect
includes: Respect For Fundamental Rights
includes: Respect For International Norms Of Behavior And Labor Practices

Human Cognitive Bias
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Human Control Of Technology
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Human Factors
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHumanFactors01
label: Facteurs Humains @fr

Human-in-command
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHumanInCommand01
has acronym: HIC
label: Humain aux commandes @fr

Human-in-the-loop
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHumanInTheLoop01
has acronym: HITL
label: Humain dans la boucle @fr

Human-Machine Teaming
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHumanMachineTeaming01
has definition: DefHumanMachineTeaming02
has acronym: HMT
label: Coopération homme-machine @fr
label: Human-Machine teaming

Human-on-the-loop
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHumanOnTheLoop01
has acronym: HOTL
label: Humain sur la boucle @fr

Human oversight
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Human-System Integration
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHumanSystemIntegration01
has acronym: HSI
has acronym: IHS @fr
label: Intégration Humain Système @fr

Hyperparameter (machine learning)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefHyperparameter01
label: Hyper-paramètres (apprentissage automatique) @fr

In-use verifiability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Incremental Acceptance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefIncrementalAcceptance01
label: Acceptation incrémentale @fr

Indicator
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefIndicator01
label: Indicateur @fr

Inference
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefInference01
label: Inférence @fr

Inference engine
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefInferenceEngine01
label: Moteur inférence @fr

Information
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefInformation01
has definition: DefInformation02
has definition: DefInformation03
has definition: DefInformation04
label: Information (information processing)
label: Information (information theory)
label: Information (théorie de l'information) @fr
label: Information (traitement de l'information) @fr

Information analysis
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefInformationAnalysis01
label: Analyse de l'information @fr

Information quality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Inherent AI Robustness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Global Robustness
includes: Stability

Inherent Data Quality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Data Accuracy
includes: Data Completeness
includes: Data Consistency
includes: Data Correctness
includes: Data Diversity
includes: Data Reliability
includes: Data Representativeness
includes: Data Usability

Inlusiveness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Innovation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Inspectability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: NRVVLM

Installability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Instantiation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefInstantiation01
label: Instanciation @fr

Integrity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefIntegrity01
has reference: ISO15288
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
label: Intégrité @fr

Integrity.
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Integrity level
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefIntegrityLevel01
has definition: DefIntegrityLevel02
has definition: DefIntegrityLevel03
has definition: DefIntegrityLevel04
has definition: DefIntegrityLevel05
label: Niveau d'intégrité @fr

Intelligence
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefIntelligence01

Intended behaviour
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefIntendedBehaviour01
label: Comportement attendu @fr

Intended functionality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefIntendedFunctionality01
label: Fonctionnalité attendue @fr

Interactions
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
type: Nature of concerns
includes: Explainability
includes: Usability

Intermediaries in trust
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Interoperability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148

Interpretability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefInterpretability01
has theme: Interactions
label: Interprétabilité @fr

Intervenability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25059
has theme: Technology

Knowledge acquisition
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefKnowledgeAcquisition01
label: Acquisition de connaissances @fr

Knowledge Base
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefKnowledgeBase01
label: Base de connaissances @fr

Knowledge-based methods
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefKnowledgeBasedMethods01
label: Méthodes à base de connaissances @fr

Knowledge-Based System
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefKnowledgeBasedSystem01
label: Système à base de connaissances @fr

Knowledge Engineering
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefKnowledgeEngineering01
label: Génie cognitif (ingénierie de la connaissance) @fr

Knowledge graph
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefKnowledgeGraph01
label: Carte des connaissances @fr

Knowledge representation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefKnowledgeRepresentation01
label: Représentation des connaissances @fr

Label (organisation of data)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefLabel01
label: Etiquette (label) (organisation des données) @fr

Labelisation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Labellisation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Learnability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Interactions

Learning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefLearning01
has definition: DefLearning02
has definition: DefLearning03
label: Apprentissage @fr
label: Apprentissage (apprentissage automatique) @fr
label: Apprentissage (réseaux neuronaux) @fr
label: Learning (machine learning)
label: Learning (neural networks)

Learning by analogy (associative learning)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefLearningByAnalogy01
label: Apprentissage par analogie (apprentissage associatif) @fr

Legibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Level of risk
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefLevelOfRisk01
label: Niveau de risque @fr

Life cycle
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefLifeCycle01
has definition: DefLifeCycle02
label: Cycle de vie @fr

Likelihood
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefLikelihood01
label: Vraisemblance @fr

Logic-based methods
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefLogicBasedMethods01
label: Méthodes à base de logique @fr

ML Model Stability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Machine Learning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefMachineLearning01
has definition: DefMachineLearning02
has definition: DefMachineLearning03
label: Apprentissage automatique @fr
label: Apprentissage machine (apprentissage automatique) @fr
label: Machine learning
label: Machine learning (automatic learning)

Machine Learning Model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefMachineLearningModel01
label: Modèle d'apprentissage @fr

Maintainability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Analyzability
includes: Modifiability
includes: Modularity
includes: Reusability
includes: Testability

Maintenability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefMaintenability01
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO15288
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
label: Maintenabilité @fr

Maturity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Measurability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Measure of Effectiveness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefMeasureOfEffectiveness01
label: Mesure d'efficacité @fr

Measure of Performance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefMeasureOfPerformance01
label: Mesure de Performance @fr

Misuse
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefMisuse01
label: Mauvais usage @fr

Model
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefModel01
has definition: DefModel02
has definition: DefModel03
has definition: DefModel04
has definition: DefModel05
label: Modèle @fr

Modifiability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Modularity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Monitor
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefMonitor01
label: Moniteur @fr

Monitorability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Natural Language Processing (NLP)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefNaturalLanguageProcessing01
label: Traitement Automatique du Langage Naturel (TAL) @fr

Neural Network
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefNeuralNetwork01
label: Réseau de Neurones @fr

Non-repudiation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Non Discrimination
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO24368
has theme: Ethics
label: Non discrimination

Operational Design Domain (ODD)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Engineering item

Object and Event Detection and Response
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefObjectAndEventDetectionAndResponse01
label: Détection et réponse aux objets et aux événements @fr

Olfactory comfort
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Operability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO15288
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Interactions
has theme: Technology
includes: Controllability
includes: Effectiveness
includes: Efficiency
includes: Performance Efficiency
includes: Robustness

Operating conditions self-check
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Operational concept
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefOperationalConcept01
label: Concept opérationnel @fr

Operational Design Domain (ODD)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefOperationalDesignDomain01
label: Domaine de conception opérationnelle @fr

Overarching Properties
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefOverarchingProperties01
label: Propriétés générales @fr

Overfitting
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefOverfitting01
label: Surapprentissage @fr

Pattern (artificial intelligence)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPattern01
label: Forme (intelligence artificielle) @fr

Pattern Recognition
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPatternRecognition01
label: Reconnaissance des formes @fr

Perception
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPerception01
has definition: DefPerception02

Perfection
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Performance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Performance Efficiency
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Performance Of Prediction Intervals
includes: Time Behaviour

Performance Of Prediction Intervals
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Coverage
includes: Sharpness

Planning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPlanning01
has definition: DefPlanning02
has definition: DefPlanning03
has definition: DefPlanning04
label: Planification @fr
label: Planification (Artificial intelligence) @fr
label: Planification (intelligence artificielle) @fr
label: Planning (artificial intelligence)

Portability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has theme: Technology
includes: Adaptability
includes: Installability
includes: Replaceability

Precision
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPrecision01
label: Précision @fr

Precision Of Explanability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Interactions

Prediction
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPrediction01
label: Prédiction @fr

Predictive Analytics
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPredictiveAnalytics01
label: Analyse prédictive @fr

Prescriptive Analytics
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPrescriptiveAnalytics01
label: Analyse prescriptive @fr

Priotitization
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Privacy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefPrivacy01
has theme: Ethics
label: Respect de la vie privée @fr

Privacy protection
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO24368
has reference: ISO29148

Probabilistic methods
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefProbabilisticMethods01
label: Méthodes Pobabilistes @fr

Process
type: NamedIndividual
type: Engineering item
type: Keyword
has definition: DefProcess01
label: Processus @fr

Process Quality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Accountability
includes: Compliance
includes: Specifiability
includes: Traceability
includes: Transparency
includes: Verifiability
label: Process quality

Process traceability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ALTAI

Process transparency
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO24368
has reference: ISO25059

Production rule
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefProductionRule01
label: Règle de production @fr

Promotion Of Human Value
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO24368
has theme: Ethics
label: Promotion of human value

Provability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: A Posteriori-provability
includes: A Priori-provability Or By-design Provability

Quality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefQuality01
label: Qualité @fr

Quality Assurance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefQualityAssurance01
has definition: DefQualityAssurance02
label: Assurance qualité @fr

Quality characteristic
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefQualityCharacteristic01
label: Caractéristique de qualité @fr

Quality Management
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefQualityManagement01
label: Gestion de la qualité @fr

Quality management standards
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Readability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Reasoning (domain)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefReasoning01
label: Raisonnement (domaine) @fr

Reclaimability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO15288

Recoverability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRecurrentNeuralNetworks01
label: Réseau de neurones récurrents @fr

Recyclability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO15288

Reinforcement Learning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefReinforcementLearning01
label: Apprentissage par renforcement @fr

Relevance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Reliability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefReliability01
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology
includes: Consistency
includes: Continuity Of Operation In Emmergencies
includes: Fault Tolerance
includes: Maturity
includes: Recoverability
includes: Reproductibility Repeatability
label: Fiabilité @fr

Repairability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld

Repeatability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Replaceability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology

Reproducibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ALTAI

Reproductibility Repeatability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Requirement
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRequirement01
label: Exigence @fr

Resilience
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefResilience01
has definition: DefResilience02
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology
includes: Recoverability
includes: Survavibility
label: Résilience @fr
label: Résistance @fr

Respect
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Respect For Fundamental Rights
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ALTAI
has theme: Ethics
label: Respect for fundamental rights

Respect For International Norms Of Behavior And Labor Practices
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Respect for privacy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Respect For The Rule Of Law
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Responsibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefResponsibility01
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO15288
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO24368
label: Responsabilité @fr

Ressource Utilisation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Technology
includes: Sustainability
label: Ressource utilisation

Restricted Operation Domain
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRestrictedOperationDomain01
label: Domaine d'opérations restreint @fr

Reusability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has theme: Technology

Risk
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRisk01
has definition: DefRisk02
has definition: DefRisk03
has definition: DefRisk04
label: Risque @fr

Risk Assessment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRiskAssessment01
label: Appréciation du risque @fr

Risk management process
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRiskManagementProcess01
label: Processus de management du risque @fr

Risk management standards
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Risk mitigation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRiskMitigation01
label: Atténuation du risque @fr

Robustness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRobustness01
has definition: DefRobustness02
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO25059
has theme: Technology
includes: Inherent AI Robustness
includes: System-Dependent Robustness
label: Robustesse @fr

Runtime monitor (runtime verification)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefRuntimeMonitor01
label: Contrôleur d'exécution (vérification d'exécution) @fr

Safety
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSafety01
has definition: DefSafety02
has definition: DefSafety03
has definition: DefSafety04
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology
label: Sécurité @fr

Safety net
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSafetyNet01
label: Filet de sécurité @fr

Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSafetyOfTheIntendedFunctionality01
label: Sécurité de la fonction attendue @fr

Scalability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology

Scenario
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefScenario01
label: Scénario @fr

Scene
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefScene01
label: Scène @fr

Security
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSecurity01
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology
includes: Accountability
includes: Authenticity
includes: Confidentiality
includes: Integrity.
includes: Non-repudiation
label: Sécurité @fr

Security against adversarial attacks
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Semantic Data Accuracy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Semantic network (semantic net)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSemanticNetwork01
label: Réseau sémantique @fr

Serviceability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: NRVVLM

Sharpness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Situation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSituation01

Social Well-being
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Societal well-being
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ALTAI
has reference: ISO25059

Software engineering
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSoftwareEngineering01
label: Génie logiciel @fr

Specifiability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSpecifiability01
has theme: Technology
label: Spécifiabilité @fr

Src922ObjectO01
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type: Source
type: INPROCEEDINGS
has author: Friedenthal, Sanford and Izumi, Lisa and Meilich, Abraham
has booktitle: INCOSE International Symposium
has organization: Wiley Online Library
has pages: 1471--1491
has title: {9.2.2 Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM) applied to Joint Force Projection (JFP), a Lockheed Martin Integrating Concept (LMIC)}
has volume: 17
has year: 2007

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type: Source
type: ARTICLE
has file: Leucker and Schallhart - 2009 - A brief account of runtime verification.pdf:E\:\\Docs\\Zotero\\storage\\5PAPWHZX\\Leucker and Schallhart - 2009 - A brief account of runtime verification.pdf:application/pdf
has abstract: In this paper, a brief account of the ﬁeld of runtime veriﬁcation is given. Starting with a deﬁnition of runtime veriﬁcation, a comparison to well-known veriﬁcation techniques like model checking and testing is provided, and applications in which runtime veriﬁcation brings out its distinguishing features are pointed out. Moreover, extensions of runtime veriﬁcation such as monitor-oriented programming, and monitor-based runtime reﬂection are sketched and their similarities and differences are discussed. Finally, the use of runtime veriﬁcation for contract enforcement is brieﬂy pointed out.
has author: Leucker, Martin and Schallhart, Christian
has journal: Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming
has language: en
has pages: 11
has title: A brief account of runtime verification
has year: 2009

SrcADefinitio01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Source
type: MISC
has author: HLEG
has note: Definition developed for the purpose of the deliverables of the High-Level Expert Group on AI
has title: A definition of {AI}: main capabilities and scientific disciplines
has year: 2018

SrcAEROSPACER01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Source
type: TECHREPORT
has author: SAE Aerospace
has title: AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ARP4754 Issued Revised REV. A 1996-11 2010-12 Superseding ARP4754 (R) Guidelines for
has year: 2010

SrcAFastAlgor01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Source
type: ARTICLE
has author: Rousseeuw, Peter J and Driessen, Katrien Van
has journal: Technometrics
has number: 3
has pages: 212--223
has publisher: Taylor \& Francis
has title: A fast algorithm for the minimum covariance determinant estimator
has volume: 41
has year: 1999

SrcAHumancent01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Source
type: ARTICLE
has author: {Artificial Intelligence Roadmap}
has journal: European Aviation Safety Agency
has title: A human-centric approach to AI in aviation
has year: 2020

SrcAIWatchDef01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Source
type: MISC
has author: Samoili, Sofia and Cobo, Montserrat Lopez and Gomez, Emilia and De Prato, Giuditta and Martinez-Plumed, Fernando and Delipetrev, Blagoj
has note: Joint Research Centre (Seville site)
has title: AI Watch. Defining Artificial Intelligence. Towards an operational definition and taxonomy of artificial intelligence
has year: 2020

SrcAJointStan01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Source
type: MISC
has author: {EUROCAE WG114 – SAE G34}
has title: {A joint standardization initiative to support Artificial Intelligence revolution in aeronautics}
has year: 2021

SrcAStudyOnAp01
type: NamedIndividual
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has title: {Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — Measurement of data quality}
has title: {Systems and software engineering — Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) — System and software quality models}
has URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/50518.html
has URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/63712.html
has year: 2011
has year: 2015
has year: 2017

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has author: {ISO/IEC NP TS 5723}
has booktitle: INCOSE
has pages: 13--16
has publisher: {British Standards Institution - Information systems co-ordination}
has title: Systems engineering handbook
has title: {Systems Engineering - Trustworthiness Vocabulary}
has volume: 9
has year: 2006
has year: 2020

SrcTaxonomyAn01
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type: MISC
has author: {SAE J3016}
has title: {Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to On-Road Motor Vehicle Automated Driving Systems}
has year: 2018

SrcThreatOfAd01
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type: Source
type: ARTICLE
has author: Akhtar, Naveed and Mian, Ajmal
has journal: Ieee Access
has pages: 14410--14430
has publisher: IEEE
has title: Threat of adversarial attacks on deep learning in computer vision: A survey
has volume: 6
has year: 2018

SrcTowardTrus01
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type: ARTICLE
has author: Brundage, Miles and Avin, Shahar and Wang, Jasmine and Belfield, Haydn and Krueger, Gretchen and Hadfield, Gillian and Khlaaf, Heidy and Yang, Jingying and Toner, Helen and Fong, Ruth and others
has journal: arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.07213
has title: Toward trustworthy AI development: mechanisms for supporting verifiable claims
has year: 2020

SrcTowardsNeu01
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type: Source
type: ARTICLE
has author: Meinke, Alexander and Hein, Matthias
has journal: arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.12180
has title: Towards neural networks that provably know when they don't know
has year: 2019

SrcUKMinistry01
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type: MISC
has author: {DEFSTAN 00-56(PT1)/7}
has title: UK Ministry of Defence Standards. SAFETY MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFENCE SYSTEMS - PART 1: REQUIREMENTS
has year: 2017

SrcUnderstand01
type: NamedIndividual
type: Source
type: ARTICLE
has author: HOLLOWAY, Michael
has journal: NASA, Langley Research Center
has title: Understanding the Overarching properties
has year: July 2019

SrcVerificati01
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type: Source
type: ARTICLE
has author: Wilkinson, C and Lynch, J and Bharadwaj, R and Woodham, K
has journal: Federal Aviation Administration, DOT/FAA/TC-16/4
has title: Verification of adaptive systems
has year: 2016

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type: Source
type: MISC
has author: Techopedia
has journal: Techopedia.com
has month: Mar
has publisher: Techopedia
has title: What is a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)? - Definition from Techopedia
has URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/32515/generative-adversarial-network-gan
has year: 2018

SrcWhatsTheDi01
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type: MISC
has journal: Logility
has month: Feb
has title: What's the Difference Between Descriptive, Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics?
has URL: https://www.logility.com/blog/descriptive-predictive-and-prescriptive-analytics-explained/
has year: 2021

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type: TECHREPORT
has Hal ID: hal-03176080
has Hal version: v1
has PDF: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03176080/file/White_Paper_Machine_Learning_in_Certified_System_DEEL_project_v2.0.pdf
has author: Mamalet, Franck and Jenn, Eric and FLANDIN, Gregory and Delseny, Herv{\'e} and Gabreau, Christophe and Gauffriau, Adrien and Beaudouin, Bernard and Ponsolle, Ludovic and Alecu, Lucian and Bonnin, Hugues and Beltran, Brice and Duchel, Didier and Ginestet, Jean-Brice and Hervieu, Alexandre and Pasquet, Sylvain and Delmas, Kevin and Pagetti, Claire and Gabriel, Jean-Marc and Chapdelaine, Camille and Picard, Sylvaine and Damour, Mathieu and Cappi, Cyril and Gard{\`e}s, Laurent and Grancey, Florence De and Lefevre, Baptiste and Gerchinovitz, S{\'e}bastien and Albore, Alexandre
has institution: {IRT Saint Exup{\'e}ry ; ANITI}
has month: March
has title: {White Paper Machine Learning in Certified Systems}
has type: Research Report
has URL: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03176080
has year: 2021

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type: ARTICLE
has author: Delseny, Herv{\'e} and Gabreau, Christophe and Gauffriau, Adrien and Beaudouin, Bernard and Ponsolle, Ludovic and Alecu, Lucian and Bonnin, Hugues and Beltran, Brice and Duchel, Didier and Ginestet, Jean-Brice and others
has journal: arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.10529
has title: White Paper Machine Learning in Certified Systems
has year: 2021

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type: Source
type: ARTICLE
has author: Biggio, Battista and Roli, Fabio
has journal: Pattern Recognition
has pages: 317--331
has publisher: Elsevier
has title: Wild patterns: Ten years after the rise of adversarial machine learning
has volume: 84
has year: 2018

Stability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: ML Model Stability

Stakeholder
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefStakeholder01
label: Partie Prenante @fr

Storability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO15288

Supervisability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Supervised Learning
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSupervisedLearning01
label: Apprentissage supervisé @fr

Supportability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO29148

Survavibility
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Survivability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO29148

Sustainability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Ethics
has theme: Technology

Symbolic methods
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSymbolicMethods01
label: Méthodes symboliques @fr

Syntactic Data Accuracy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

System
type: NamedIndividual
type: Engineering item
type: Keyword
has definition: DefSystem01
label: Système @fr

System-Dependent Data Quality
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Data Accessibility
includes: Data Availability
includes: Data Compliance .
includes: Data Confidentiality
includes: Data Efficiency
includes: Data Gouvernance
includes: Data Integrity
includes: Data Portability
includes: Data Precision
includes: Data Recoverability
includes: Data Timeliness
includes: Data Traceability
includes: Data Understandability

System-Dependent Robustness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Adaptability
includes: Durability
includes: Resilience

System Integrity
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics
includes: Accuracy
includes: Certainty
includes: Completeness
includes: Consistency

Technology
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
type: Nature of concerns
includes: Audit
includes: Certification
includes: Compliance
includes: Data Quality
includes: Dependability
includes: Freedom From Risk
includes: Labellisation
includes: Operability
includes: Portability
includes: Process Quality
includes: Verifliability
includes: Verifliable

Testability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Technology

Time-behaviour
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO25010

Time Behaviour
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Tool
type: NamedIndividual
type: Engineering item

Traceability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefTraceability01
has definition: DefTraceability02
has reference: ALTAI
has theme: Technology
label: Traçabilité @fr

Transitionability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
has reference: ISO15288

Transparency
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefTransparency01
has definition: DefTransparency02
has definition: DefTransparency03
has definition: DefTransparency04
has theme: Technology
label: Transparence @fr

Transparency on the operating conditions specification
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Transparency on the risks
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Transperency
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Ethics

Triggering event
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefTriggeringEvent01
label: Evénement déclencheur @fr

Trust
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefTrust01
has theme: Ethics
has theme: Interactions
label: Confiance @fr

Trustworthiness
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefTrustworthiness01
has definition: DefTrustworthiness02
has theme: Interactions
includes: Ethics
includes: Interactions
includes: Technology
includes: Trustworthiness Gouvernance
label: Confiance @fr

Trustworthiness Gouvernance
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
includes: Trust
includes: Trustworthiness

Uncertainty
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefUncertainty01
label: Incertitude @fr

Understandability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefUnderstandability01
label: Compréhensibilité @fr

Universal Design
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Interactions

Unsupervised Learning (learning without a teacher)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefUnsupervisedLearning01
label: Apprentissage non supervisé @fr

Usability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: EngineeringSystemsMeetingHumanNeedsInAComplexTechnologicalWorld
has reference: ISO24028
has reference: ISO25010
has reference: ISO29148
has reference: NRVVLM
has theme: Interactions
includes: Accessibility
includes: Appropriateness Recognisability
includes: Learnability
includes: Operability
includes: Universal Design
includes: User Error Protection
includes: User Interface Aesthetics
includes: User Satisfaction

User
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefUser01
label: Utilisateur @fr

User Controllability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25059
has theme: Technology
label: User controllability

User Error Protection
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has reference: ISO25010
has theme: Interactions
label: User error protection

User Interface Aesthetics
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Interactions

User Satisfaction
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Interactions

Validation
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefValidation01
has definition: DefValidation02

Value
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefValue01
label: Valeur @fr

Verifiability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has definition: DefVerifiability01
has theme: Technology
label: Vérifiabilité @fr

Verification
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefVerification01
has definition: DefVerification02
label: Vérification @fr

Verifliability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology

Verifliable
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute
type: Keyword
has theme: Technology
includes: Auditability
includes: Evaluability
includes: Measurability
includes: Provability

Visual comfort
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Vulnerability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Keyword
has definition: DefVulnerability01
has definition: DefVulnerability02
label: Vulnérabilité @fr

Readability (e.g. of source code)
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute

Transparency on the system's ability
type: NamedIndividual
type: Attribute